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A missionary under the Yahoo! Groups nome de plume of “Patriot Tim” has made下一個傳教士在Yahoo！組諾姆德柱的“愛國者添”已 an allegation指控 in a discussion group by stating that the Syrian pagan idol RIMMON () as mentioned in 2 Kings 5:18 is the same Deity as for the Muslims, who sometimes call upon God as ar-rahman (The Merciful).在小組討論時指出，敘利亞異教偶像臨門（）正如在2國王5:18是相同的神，作為穆斯林，誰有時呼籲上帝拉赫曼 （仁慈的）。 To repeat the missionary's claim:要重複傳教士的說法：

The verse in question is II Kings 5:18, and the words were spoken by Naaman the Syrian general who had just been healed of his leprosy by Elisha the prophet [....] We see Naaman saying that, because of his position of importance to the king of Syria, he would be required to enter and bow to Rimmon in that deity's temple in Damascus. 詩句中的問題是第二國王5:18，言猶在耳，並通過敘利亞乃縵一般誰剛剛痊癒，他的麻風以利沙先知[....]我們看到乃縵說，由於他的位置國王的重要性，敘利亞，他將被要求輸入並鞠躬臨門在這神的廟宇在大馬士革。 Thus, we see that RIMMON is found in the Bible. 因此，我們看到臨門是發現在聖經。

This article is more or less an improvement from the這篇文章是或多或少的改善 original response原反應 we had offered and is intended to deeply address the issue of RIMMON, insha'allah.我們曾提出的，目的在於深入解決這一問題的臨門，insha'allah。

Is RIMMON really “Rahman”? 難道真的臨門“拉赫曼”？

On the issue of “Rahman”, the missionary argues that在這個問題上的“拉赫曼”，傳教士認為，

Rahman, as indicated to us in the Qu'ran, Surah 17:110, is another name for All?h. 拉赫曼，正如我們在古蘭經，Surah 17:110，是另一個名稱嗎？小時 Hence, we see that there is a definite connexion, linguistic and otherwise, between the Rimmon who was worshipped all throughout Syria, Paddan-Aram, Assyria, and the rest of the northern Fertile Crescent, and Rahman, or All?h. 因此，我們看到，有一個明確的聯接，語言和其他方面之間的臨門崇拜誰是在整個敘利亞，Paddan -亞蘭，亞述，其餘北部肥沃新月，和拉赫曼，或所有？小時

We believe that we have had tolerated enough of this shoddy scholarship, and now is the time to blast this missionary to kingdom come.我們相信，我們有足夠的容忍這種偽劣獎學金，現在是時候爆炸這個傳教士的國降臨。 The reality is that one does not need the source(s) that he dutifully parrots from Christian polemicists like Dr. Robert Morey, as The New Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon and William Gesenius' Hebrew and English Lexicon are all good enough authorities on the etymology.現實情況是，一個不需要源（第），他盡職盡責鸚鵡從基督教理論家如博士羅伯特莫雷，因為新的強大的力竭協調一致的聖經，布朗驅動器，布里格斯希伯來語，英語詞彙和威廉格澤紐斯'希伯來文和英文詞彙都不夠好當局就詞源。

As we have earlier stated, the name of this Syrian pagan idol RIMMON appears in 2 Kings 5:18.正如我們先前所述，這名敘利亞異教偶像臨門出現在2國王 5:18。 This verse is as follows:這詩如下：

May the Lord forgive your servant in this matter: when my master enters the house of RIMMON to worship there, supported by my hand, and I have to bow myself down in the house of RIMMON; when I have to bow myself down thus in the house of RIMMON, may the Lord forgive your servant in this matter.願上帝原諒你的僕人在這件事情：當我的主人進入房子臨門崇拜那裡，得到了我的手，我不得不低頭了自己家中的臨門，當我不得不低頭向下從而在自己房子臨門，願主寬恕你的僕人在這個問題上。

According to Gesenius, the Hebrew word “rimmon” actually means “pomegranate,” and the Arabic equivalent is “rumman”, which is quite similar to the Hebrew and shares the same RMN cognate[1].據格澤紐斯，希伯來文“臨門”，其實就是“石榴，”和阿拉伯文相當於是“Rumman的”，這是非常相似的希伯來文和共享相同的RMN同源[1]。 The following image would clearly illustrate this relation:下面的圖像將清楚地說明了這種關係：

“Pomegranate” is thus the proper translation of “rimmon” in the Bible (Numbers 20:5; Deuteronomy 8:8; 1 Samuel 14:12; Songs 4:3, 6:7). “石榴”，因此是正確的翻譯“臨門”中的聖經（民數記 20:5;申命記 8:8;撒母耳記上14:12;歌4:3，6:7）。 'Rimmon' is also the name of a number of places mentioned in the Bible, specifically the Old Testament, named such because of the number of pomegranates that grow there. '臨門'的名稱，也是一個數字的地方聖經中提到，特別是舊約，因為這樣命名的數目石榴，種植有。 As Gesenius states:由於格澤紐斯規定：

The pomegranate tree is still found in Syria, Palestine, and Egypt [...] From their abounding in pomegranates, several places received the proper name Rimmon[.][2]石榴樹仍發現在敘利亞，巴勒斯坦和埃及[...]從他們豐富的石榴，好幾個地方獲得適當的名稱臨門 [。] [2]

Examples of such places being named 'Rimmon' can be seen in Joshua 15:32, 19:7; Judges 20:47; 1 Chronicles 4:32 and Zechariah 14:10.這些地方的例子被命名為'臨門'中可以看出約書亞 15時 32分，19時 07分，法官20:47;歷代志上16:32和14:10撒迦利亞。 Indeed, until today there is a specific place in Palestine called Rimmon (reysh-mem-vav-nun) in Hebrew, and Rammwan/Rummon (raa-meem-waw-nun) in Arabic, and it still exists today.事實上，直到今天有一個具體的地方在巴勒斯坦呼籲臨門（reysh -紀念，變風量，尼姑）在希伯來文和Rammwan / Rummon（羅奧 -米姆-沃鎮，尼姑）在阿拉伯語，它今天仍然存在。

We can see that Rammwan/Rummon is thus the closest Arabic equivalent to the Hebrew “rimmon”, and not “Rahman” as Patriot Tim erroneously asserts.我們可以看到，Rammwan / Rummon因此是最親密的阿拉伯相當於希伯來文“臨門”，而不是“拉”為愛國者添誤稱。

Referring to Strong's on RIMMON, the following entry is found:談到強對臨門，找到以下項：

4. 4。 A Syrian god (7417)[3]一位敘利亞神（7417）[3]

The BDB Lexicon has more information on RIMMON, and on p.在邊防局詞典有更多的信息臨門，以及第 942 we read that: 942我們讀到：

[Rimmon] n. [臨門]的翻譯 pr.公關。 dei; as Rammanu, god of wind, rain and storm; thunder; storm.[4]台達電子，作為 Rammanu，神風，雨，風暴，雷電，風暴 [4]。

There are two possible etymological explanations for the RIMMON of Syria.有兩個可能的詞源學解釋為臨門敘利亞。 The first is from Gesenius, who says that it is “…perhaps the exalted, from the root RMM.”[5] The other possibility is that the spelling is a deliberate Jewish insult, and this is not uncommon in the Bible.首先是從格澤紐斯，說這是誰“...也許是崇高的，從根RMM內。”[5]另一種可能性是，拼寫是故意侮辱猶太人，這是在聖經中並不罕見。 We read that我們讀到，

“Rimmon” is an epithet of Hadad (Adad in Mesopotamia); the Akkadian form is Ram(m)an. “臨門”是一個稱號的哈達（阿達德在美索不達米亞）;形式的阿卡得拉姆（米）1。 It has been suggested that the Hebrew Rimmon, which is identical to the Hebrew word for “pomegranate,” is a deliberate mispointing of an original Ram(m)an (or something similar) to disparage the deity.有人建議，希伯萊臨門，它等同於希伯來文的“石榴”，是一種蓄意mispointing的原羊（米）1（或類似）來貶低神。 This epithet Rimmon/Ramman is best understood as “thunderer” (cf. Akkadian ramanu “to roar,” hence “to thunder”).這個稱號臨門 /冉姆門是最好理解為“雷霆”（見阿卡ramanu“起飛”，因此“到雷聲”）。 Accordingly, the name Hadadrimmon means “Hadad is the thunderer.” Hadad, or Rimmon/Ramman, was the chief diety of the Arameans of Syria[.][6]因此，名稱 Hadadrimmon手段“哈達是雷霆。”哈達，或臨門 /冉姆門，主要是神的亞蘭敘利亞 [。] [6]

In light of Jewish traditions with disparaging name-games in Hebrew, we favour the possibility that calling the Syrian pagan idol as RIMMON was merely an attempt at insulting this pagan deity, and have no connections with “rimmon” meaning “pomegranate”.鑑於猶太傳統與詆毀名稱遊戲在希伯來文，我們主張的可能性，呼籲敘利亞異教偶像作為臨門只是企圖在侮辱這個異教神，也沒有關係的“臨門”意為“石榴”。

This is already enough to refute the missionary's mendacity.這已經足以反駁的傳教士的謊言。 But let us take one step further and look up the meaning of the Arabic ar-rahman, as stated in Hans Wehr's Arabic-English Dictionary:但是，讓我們採取一步，查找含義的阿拉伯文拉赫曼，正如漢斯韋漢弗的阿拉伯語，英語詞典：

ar-rahman : the Merciful (ie God)[7]拉赫曼：仁慈（即上帝）[7]

The root of ar-rahman is the word rahma, and from the very same page, we find that the root means根氬拉赫曼是單詞拉赫馬，從同樣的頁面，我們發現，根本途徑

pity, compassion; human understanding, sympathy, kindness; mercy[8]憐憫，同情，理解人，同情，善良，慈悲[8]

Clearly, we certainly do not see any etymological relation at all with the Hebrew noun RIMMON ().顯然，我們當然看不到任何詞源關係在所有希伯來名詞臨門（）。 Indeed, one does not blindly assume that a word is connected to another simply by the play of sounds, and we need to look at several established rules for finding etymological connections.事實上，一個不盲目地認為一個詞簡單地連接到另一所發揮的聲音，我們需要看看幾個既定規則尋找詞源連接。 The rules are:該規則是：

1. 1。 Geographic proximity地理上的接近
2. 2。 Shared cognates/roots共享同源/根
3. 3。 Relative synonymy相對同義詞

So what does this mean?因此，這是什麼意思？ It means that the languages have to originate near one another, and indeed Hebrew and Arabic are from the same branch and area.這就是說，語言要源於彼此接近，甚至希伯來語和阿拉伯語是從同一分支和地區。 They have to share the same cognate, and lastly, they have to share the same meaning.他們必須共享相同的同源，最後，他們必須共享相同的含義。 While we do not deny that the Hebrew noun RIMMON conforms with criteria 1, it does not conform with criterias 2 and 3, and hence fails the ruling for determining whether RIMMON is indeed related to the Arabic word ar-rahman.雖然我們不否認，希伯來語名詞臨門符合標準 1，不符合標準 2和3，因此失敗的裁決決定是否臨門確實關係到阿拉伯字拉赫曼。 As one of the greatest Philosophers of Language (one of the founding fathers of the field), Ludwig Wittgenstein, put it:正如一位最偉大的哲學家的語言（創始人之一，該領域），路德維希維特根斯坦所說的那樣：

The meaning of a word is its use in the language.[9]一個詞的含義是它使用的語言。[9]

The equivalent word for ar-rahman in the Hebrew would be “Ha-Rachman”, as found in Rivlin's Hebrew translation of the Qur'?n, 1:1:等效字拉赫曼在希伯來文是“哈，拉赫曼”，如發現里夫林的希伯來文翻譯的古蘭經'？氮，1:1：

In the name of God, Ha-Rachman, the Merciful[10]上帝之名，夏拉赫曼，仁慈的[10]

Apparently this title is not alien to the South Arabian Christians, for Philip K. Hitti informs us the following:顯然，這個稱號是不陌生的南方阿拉伯基督徒，對菲利普K ·希提告訴我們以下內容：

The earlier South Arabian civilization could not have altogether passed away without leaving some trace in its northern successor.越早南阿拉比安文明不可能完全不留去世一些痕跡在其北部的繼任者。 The inscription (542-3) of Abrahah dealing wih the break of the Ma'rib Dam begins with the following words: “In the power and grace and mercy of the Merciful [Rahman-an] and His Messiah and of the Holy Spirit”.碑文（542-3）的Abrahah處理王氏破裂的馬里卜大壩開始與以下文字：“在權力和恩典和憐憫的仁慈[拉赫曼- 1]和他的彌賽亞和聖靈” 。 The word Rahman-an is especially significant because its northern equivalent, al-Rahman, became later a prominent attribute of All?h and one of His names in the Koran and in Islamic theology.[11]這個詞拉赫曼- 1是特別重要的意義，因為它的北部同等學歷，拉赫曼，後來成為一個突出的屬性呢？h和他的一個名字在古蘭經和伊斯蘭神學。[11]

Philip K. Hitti further informs us in a footnote that菲利普K ·希提進一步告訴我們，一個腳註

Rahmanan appears as title of the Christian God in a fifth-century South Arabic inscription.[12] Rahmanan顯示為標題的基督教上帝在第五個世紀的南阿拉伯語銘文。[12]

So we see that the South Arabic Christians themselves using the appelation Rahmanan for their God, and hence we begin to see how perjurious the claims of the missionary really is.因此，我們看到，南方阿拉伯基督徒自己使用appelation Rahmanan為他們的神，因此我們開始看到如何perjurious索賠的傳教士確實是。

The Aramaic word for Rachaman/Rahman is rachamanaa, and indeed this is found in the Talmud.阿拉姆字Rachaman /拉赫曼是rachamanaa，實際上這是發現在塔木德。 Consider the Aramaic text of Qiddushin 81b, where it is recommended that those looking to be protected from evil say:考慮阿拉姆文本Qiddushin 81B條，它是建議那些希望得到保護，免受邪惡說：

Rachamanaa nighar beih ba-Satan Rachamanaa nighar beih巴撒旦
Translation: May the Most Merciful rebuke Satan. 翻譯：5最仁慈的責備撒旦。

In the same part of the Talmud, there is a fascinating story about Rabbi Chiyya:在同一地區的猶太法典，有一個迷人的故事，拉比Chiyya：

Rabbi Chiyya bar Ashi hawah raghil kal eedan dahawah nafal l'apeih hawah amar: ha-Rachaman yatsileinu miyetser haraa' 拉比Chiyya酒吧阿hawah raghil卡爾eedan dahawah nafal l' apeih hawah阿馬爾：哈Rachaman yatsileinu miyetser哈拉'
Translation: Rabbi Chiyya bar Ashi had a practice where everytime he prostrated he would say “may the Most Merciful save us from evil inclinations”. 翻譯：阿拉比Chiyya酒吧的做法，即每次有他拜倒，他會說：“也許最仁慈拯救我們脫離邪惡的傾向”。

So, even the great Talmud sages were doing as the Muslims do to this day, prostrating and giving homage to the Most Merciful, ar-rahman.因此，即使是偉大的塔木德聖人作為穆斯林正在做這做一天，叩頭，並給予最仁慈的參拜，拉赫曼。 This passage from the Talmud is still relevant, as there is yet one more point to be made here.這段話仍然是從塔木德有關，因為還沒有一點要在這裡。 Later in the story Rabbi Chiyya is tempted by his wife, who asks him to bring him a pomegranate.後來故事中的拉比Chiyya是誘惑他的妻子，誰問他，將他一石榴。 She is quoted as saying:她引述說：

aiytei neehaleih l'hakh rumanaa d'reish tsutsitaa shawur aazal aiytei neehaleih l' hakh rumanaa德賴什tsutsitaa shawur aazal
Translation: Bring me that pomegranate on the uppermost branch. 翻譯：把我說，石榴在最上面的分支。

The word for pomegranate in the Aramaic is rumanaa, which is quite close to the Arabic rumman.這個詞的石榴在阿拉姆是rumanaa，這是相當接近的阿拉伯文Rumman的。 What we learn from this is that in Hebrew, Arabic, and even Aramaic (from this look at Qiddushin 81b), there is no connection between the word for “Most Merciful,” a name given to God, and pomegranate, a name heaped upon a pagan deity.我們所學的一點是，在希伯來語，阿拉伯語，甚至阿拉姆（從這個看Qiddushin 81B條），沒有字之間的聯繫“最仁慈的，”一個名稱給上帝，石榴，1名癡人說夢一個異教神。

This is further collaborated when we refer to the root word of ha-rachman, which is rachuwm, in Strong's number 7349 and find the following:這是進一步合作時，我們指的是詞根的夏拉赫曼，這是rachuwm，在強的電話號碼 7349，找到以下內容：

rachuwm rakh-oom`; from 7355; compassionate:- full of compassion, merciful.[13] rachuwm勒克- OOM的`，從 7355，體恤： - 充滿同情，憐憫。[13]

Thus we see that rachuwm and rahma share the same RHM cognate, and thus we have established a solid etymological connection between both words.因此，我們看到，rachuwm和拉赫馬共享相同的RHM同源，因此我們建立了一個堅實的詞源這兩個詞之間的聯繫。 Of course, there is another Hebrew word that is even closer to raheem (RHYM) than rachuwm is, and that is the exact Hebrew equivalent!當然，還有另外一個希伯來字，是更貼近拉希姆 （RHYM）比rachuwm是，這是確切的希伯來語當量！ Consider the following:考慮以下幾點：

Summary 摘要

As the final nail in the coffin, let us summarise what we have discussed above:作為最後釘在棺材裡，讓我們總結一下我們上面討論：

1) RIMMON is a Syrian pagan god of thunder and the name itself is a noun and has nothing in common with ar-rahman, which is an attribute/appellation of God, as any Muslim schoolchild would know. 1）臨門是敘利亞異教神雷的名字本身就是一個名詞，並沒有共同的拉赫曼，這是一個屬性 /上帝的稱謂，因為任何穆斯林小學生都知道。

2) RIMMON has its roots in the Akkadian Rammanu, meaning “thunderer” or “to roar, to thunder” and its only connection to the “pomegranate” (rimmon) is that this is part of a deliberate Jewish insult against this pagan idol. 2）臨門有其根源在阿卡Rammanu，意思是“雷霆”或“轟鳴聲，向雷”，唯一連接到“石榴”（臨門）的一部分，這是一種蓄意的侮辱猶太人對這個異教偶像。 “Rahman” came from a TOTALLY different root word, rahma, which means “pity; compassion; sympathy”, etc. “拉赫曼”來自一個完全不同的字根，拉赫馬，意思是“憐憫，同情，憐憫”等

3) RIMMON is the Syrian “god of wind, rain and storm”. 3）臨門是敘利亞“神風，雨和風暴”。 By no stretch of imagination can this be applied to ALLAH, the God of Abraham(P), Moses(P),通過毫不誇張的想像可以適用本真主，上帝的亞伯拉罕（規劃），摩西（規劃）， Jesus耶穌 (P) and （P）和 Muhammad穆罕默德 (P)! （P）的！ Further, we have seen how the South Arabian Christians themselves use the appelation Rahman-an (equivalent to the northern ar-Rahman) for God, and how the Aramaic phrase Rachamanaa is found in the Jewish Talmud.此外，我們還看到了南方阿拉伯基督徒本身使用的appelation拉赫曼- 1（相當於北部拉赫曼）為神，以及如何阿拉姆語 Rachamanaa被發現在該猶太塔木德。

4) Nowhere in Strong's or in the BDB/Gesenius lexicons do we find any correlation of RIMMON with the Arabic word ar-rahman or its root word rahma. 4）在任何地方強的或在邊防局/格澤紐斯詞彙，我們找不到任何相關的阿拉伯字臨門氬拉赫曼或字根拉赫馬。 The Hebrew equivalent for rahma is the word rachuwm.希伯萊相當於拉赫馬是單詞 rachuwm。 Both rahma (Ar.) and rachuwm (Heb.) share the same RHM cognate.這兩個拉赫馬（Ar.）和rachuwm（希伯來）共享同一RHM同源。

Conclusion 結論

It is evident that the missionary “Patriot Tim” clearly resorts to nonsensical and shoddy scholarship in order to discredit Islam, no matter how silly the 'theories' that he repeats.顯然，傳教士“愛國者添”顯然訴諸理智和偽劣獎學金，以詆毀伊斯蘭教，無論多麼愚蠢的'理論'，他重複。 We suggest that “Patriot Tim” should stick to his current daytime occupation instead of trying to pass himself off as some sort of etymologist-cum-archeologist and parroting verbatim from monolingual polemicists like Morey.我們建議，“愛國者添”應堅持以他目前的職業，而不是白天試圖通過把自己作為某種 etymologist兼考古學家和人云亦云逐字從單語理論家喜歡莫雷。

And only God knows best.而且，只有上帝知道最好的。

References 參考資料

[1] William Gesenius, Hebrew and English Lexicon , (Crocker & Brewster, 1865), p. [1]威廉格澤紐斯， 希伯來文和英文詞彙 ，（克羅克＆布魯斯特，1865年），第 982; cf JM Cowan (ed.), Hans Wehr's Arabic-English Dictionary , p. 982;比照JM科安（編輯）， 漢斯韋漢弗的阿拉伯語，英語詞典 ，第 360 360

[2] William Gesenius, Op. [2]威廉格澤紐斯， 作品。 Cit. , p. 企業所得稅。山口 982 982

[3] James Strong, The New Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible , under the word “RIMMON” [3]塗強，新的強的力竭協調一致的聖經 ，在單詞“臨門”

[4] Under , The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon , p. [4]下，布朗驅動器，布里格斯希伯來語英語詞彙 ，第 942 942

[5] William Gesenius, Op. [5]威廉格澤紐斯， 作品。 Cit. 企業所得稅。

[6] Frederic W. Bush, “HadadRimmon”, The Anchor Bible Dictionary , (Doubleday 1992), Vol. [6]弗雷德里克W ·布什，“HadadRimmon”，錨聖經辭典 （雙日1992年），第一卷。 3, p. 3，山口 13 13

[7] JM Cowan (ed.), Hans Wehr's Arabic-English Dictionary , p. [7] JM科安（編輯）， 漢斯韋漢弗的阿拉伯語，英語詞典 ，第 332 332

[8] Ibid. [8] 同上。

[9] Wittgenstein, Philophische Untersuchungen , pt. [9]維特根斯坦，Philophische Untersuchungen角。 I, sect.一，第三節。 43 43

[10] Yosef Yo'el Rivlin, Alkur'an / tirgem me-`Arvit , Devir, Tel Aviv (1936-1945) [10]優素福Yo'el里夫林，Alkur'an / tirgem我-`Arvit，德維爾，特拉維夫（1936年至1945年）

[11] Philip K. Hitti, [11]菲利普K ·希提， History 歷史 of the Arabs , The Macmillan Press, Ltd (1970), p. 對阿拉伯人來說 ，麥克米倫出版社有限公司（1970年），第 105 105

[12] Ibid. [12] 同上。

[13] James Strong, op. [13]塗強， 同前。 cit , under the word “rachuwm” , p. 同前 ，在單詞“rachuwm”，第 131 131