Ibn Warraq "¿ª»çÀûÀÎ Muhammad¸¦ À§ÇÑ Å½±¸"ÀÇ ¼­Æò, NY: 2000


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Fred M. Donner

¿ª»çÀûÀÎ Muhammad¸¦ À§ÇÑ Å½±¸

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MuhammadÀÇ »ýȰÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© À̽½¶÷±³ÀÇ ±Ù¿øÀÇ Çй®Àº, ¾Ç¸í ³ô°Ô ³íÀïÀûÀÎ ±â¾÷ÀÌ´Ù. °¨½ÉÇÑ ÈÆ·ÃÀ» °¡Áø ÇÐÀÚ´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÚ½ÅÀÇ »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ¿¹¸®ÇÏ°Ô ´Ù¸£´Ù. ÇöÀç Åä·ÐÀ» µÎ±â À§ÇÏ¿© "ÃæºÐÇÑ ¹è°æ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ±×µéÀÇ ÁöÀûÀÌ´Â ¹®¸Æ¿¡¼­ À̽½¶÷±³ÀÇ ±Ù¿ø¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ¼öÁ¤ÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿Í ÀüÅëÁÖÀÇÀÚ »çÀÌ ¾çÀÇ ¿Ü°ü,"¸¦ (p. 9) ÀÌ·¸°Ô °í½Ã¸¦ ²ø°Ô È®½ÇÇÏ´Ù.

ºÒ¿îÇϰÔ, ¶ÇÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ±ä ¼­·Ð ¼öÇÊÀ» ¾´, À͸í "Ibn Warraq"¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­¸¸ È®ÀÎµÈ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯´Â ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °¡À̵å·Î ºÀ»çÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© 3¹è·Î ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µÎ¹øÂ° ¼öÇÊÀÇ µ¿µîÇÏ°Ô ½ÅºñÇÑ ÀúÀÚ °°ÀÌ "Ibn Warraq", ±Ù¿ø¿¡, "Ibn Rawandi" (¾Æ¸¶ °³ÀÎ?) È¥ÀÚ ±×¸¦ ÀÚ°ÝÀ» ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´ø ¾Æ¶ø Çй®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁؾöÇÑ Àü¹®°¡ ÈÆ·ÃÀÌ °á¿©µÈ´Ù (±×³à?) ÀÌ ºÐ¾ß¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇØ¼®ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ Çб³¸¦ µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©. ÀÌ ºÎÀûÀÓÀº, ¾Æ¶ø ¹°ÀÚÀÇ, ±×¸®°í "¾Æ´Ï Ibn Warraq" µµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù "Ibn Rawandi"°¡ ÀÌ Åä·Ð¿¡ ¾î¶² ¿ø·¡ ³íÀïµçÁö °øÇåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù ´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â Ãë±Þ °ç¿¡ °è½ÃµÈ´Ù.

´õ ½É°¢ÇÑ Áõ·ù±â´Â ±â»çÀÇ Ã¶ÀúÇÏ°Ô ÀϹæÀûÀÎ ¼±ÅÃÀÇ °á°ú·Î ¾çÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» â¼³ÇÏ´Â ¹ø¿ª ¹× ÁÔ WansbroughÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ ¼öÁ¤ÁÖÀÇÀÚ ÀÌ·Ð (ƯÈ÷ ±×µé)¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÄÄÆÄÀÏ·¯ÀÇ Æ÷¾ÇÇÑ Æí¾Ö, ÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº Ernest Renan, Henri Lammens (±×ÀÇ ¸ð³ë±×·¡ÇÁ "Fatima ¹× MuhammadÀÇ µþ"ÀÇ ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ¹ø¿ª), C.¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿©, À¯¸íÇÑ ÀÏÀ», ÁÖ·Î Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù. H. º£Ä¿, ¾Æ¼­ Jeffery, Á¶¼Á Schacht, ·Î¿À·»½º i. ÄÜ·¡µå, ¾Øµå·ù Rippin, J. Koren¿Í Y. D. Nevo, F. E. Peters, Çã¹öÆ® ºù»ê ¹× G. R. Hawting. À̵éÀÇ ÃÖ´ë·®Àº (ÀÖÀ¸½Ê½Ã¿À) ±×°Í¿¡ °üÇÏ¿© °­ÇÑ ÀǰßÀÌ ÀÖ´ø ÇÐÀڴ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ À̽½¶÷±³ÀÇ ±Ù¿ø¿¡ ±ä Åä·Ð¿¡ °æ°èÇ¥ ±â¿©±Ý, ÀÌ°í ±âº» ¾ð¾î (ƯÈ÷ ¾Æ¶ø¾î) ¹× ±Ù¿øÀÇ °¡µæ Â÷ÀÖ´Â Áö¹èÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯µÇ¾ú´Ù.

±×°¡, ±×·¯³ª ºñ½ºµëÇÑ, "Ib¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Warraq" H.¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸î¸î ¼öÁ¤ÁÖÀÇÀÚ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ À§ÇÑ µµÀüÀ» Á¦±âÇÏ´Â Á¤¹ÐÇÑ ±â¿©±ÝÀ» »ý·«ÇÏ´Â ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Motzki, U. Rubin ¹× ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷. This lopsided character makes The Quest for the Historical Muhammad a book that is likely to mislead many an unwary general reader.

Most problematic of all, however, is the compiler¡¯s agenda, which is not scholarship, but anti-Islam polemic. The author of an earlier book entitled Why I Am Not a Muslim (1995), ¡°Ibn Warraq¡± and his co-conspirator ¡°Ibn al-Rawandi¡± detest anything that, to them, smacks of apologetic; for this reason they criticize harshly several noted authors for their ¡®bad faith¡¯ or ¡®moral ambiguity.¡¯

Yet this book is itself a monument to duplicity. The compiler never has the honesty or courage to divulge his identity, even though a list of contributors (pp. 551-54) gives a biographical sketch of all the other contributors who, unlike ¡°Ibn Warraq¡± and ¡°Ibn al-Rawandi¡±, are already well-known.

Far more serious is the fact that this book is religious polemic attempting to masquerade as scholarship. It is a collection of basically sound articles, framed by a seriously flawed introduction, and put in the service of anti-Islamic polemic dedicated to the proposition that Islam is a sham and that honest scholarship on Islam requires gratuitous rudeness to Muslim sensibilities.

By associating these articles with ¡°Ibn Warraq¡¯s¡± polemical agenda, The Quest for the Historical Muhammad will raise suspicions among some Muslims that all revisionist scholarship is motivated by such intolerance.

This is likely to make the future progress of sound historical scholarship on Islam¡¯s origins harder, rather than easier. The publication of The Quest for the Historical Muhammad is, therefore, a most unfortunate event.

Fred M. Donner, University of Chicago.

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