Muslims

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5- 2005

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Mohd Elfie Nieshaem Juferi

, . , Muslims, . , , 2 Muslims; .

1.

1095, Pope II - - :

, , . , , - , - , , , , , , , , , . thither , , , pagans, . Oh , , , , , resplendent . . . . Lord.1

:

, , .

. ( transmarina cruce, 1284, Du Cange s.v.), croisement (Joinville), croiserie (Monstrelet), etc. , , .. muslims, pagans, heretics, excommunication.

wading . Daimbert 1- ,

, , , portico Solomon , Saracens horses.2

15th 1099 , 60.000 , , .

[ Solomon] wading ankle-deep , « » , .

, , :

; , . strewn . , gaze , , . 10 perished.3

.

, , , , . , Saracens, , , knight.4

foundational . , Popes , backsliding , licentious . , miscegenation. , one ; « .» « seductresses.» Jacques de Vitry's 5- ,

Saracens , meritorious, religion.5

2.

Isabella 1478 , Pope. : «conversos». Conversos , , . , , , ; ; bigamy; ; ; .

, de Mariana, « ». , , terrifying . .

«racialist : Moorish». . . : 1480 1488 700 .

1492 Tomas de Torquemada , Ferdinand Isabella unconverted . 200.000 , , .

, thanks-giving , Christendom. 1492, Reconquest , , Ferdinand Isabella, Alhambra, . chivalrous, , Muslims .

« » « » , . , , . Muslims. , , . , , Muslims.

, !

  1. C. Krey , : , (, : Smith, 1958) []
  2. Ibid, P. 275 []
  3. F. Turner, (-, 1980) []
  4. F. Turner, (-, 1980) []
  5. , Saracens: Chansons de Geste, (: , 1984) []
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  1. :
    9- 2007 12:54 am

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    , Muslims non , ( Osama ), non_muslims, mosques.THe non-Muslim» ». . enchroachment 693 faraway .

  2. Syed :
    29- 2007 9:33 pm

    :

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    :

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  3. Syed :
    29- 2007 10:16 pm

    BTw, , :

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    , :
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  4. Syed :
    30- 2007 11:09 pm

    Muslims ` non ,

    « non_muslims»

    ? ismaili
    s

    « non-Muslim» ». . enchroachment 693 faraway .»

    O, , Ismailis , seljuks , `jihaad', muslims, , rhine.

    ? , , , , , salaahuddin , , , ! , , ? jsutified ? , conwuered Muslims committ

  1. » » :
    16- 2006 5:15 pm

    [...] , pity . Muslims , . , . Muslims . [...]

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