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A Brief Biography of John Biddle (1615-1662) 簡傳約翰比德爾（1615年至1662年）

John Biddle, the Father of Unitarianism in England, was born in 1615.約翰比德爾，單一制的父親在英國，出生於 1615年。 He was a brilliant student and was described as a man who “outran his instructors and became tutor to himself”.他是一位才華橫溢的學生，被形容為一個男人誰“檔數他的導師，導師對自己成為”。 He went to the University at Oxford n 1634, was made a BA in 1638 and an MA in 1641.他到牛津大學 ñ 1634年，是在1638年取得學士學位和碩士學位的1641年。 After leaving Oxford, he was appointed as a teacher in Gloucester.離開牛津後，他被任命為一名教師在格洛斯特。 It was here that he began to re-examine his religious views and began to doubt the validity of the doctrine of Trinity.正是在這裡，他開始重新審視他的宗教觀點，並開始懷疑其有效性三位一體的教義。

The Origins of the “Twelve Arguments” 產生的根源分析“十二參數” ^{1 一}

After a close study of the Trinity, he published a pamphlet in 1644 entitled “Twelve Arguments Refuting the Deity of the Holy Spirit”, addressed to “the Christian reader”.經過仔細研究的三位一體，他在1644年出版了一本小冊子，題為“駁 12個變量的神的聖靈”，給“基督教讀者”。 In 1645, the manuscript of the “Twelve Arguments” was seized and Biddle was imprisoned. 1645年，該手稿的“十二參數”被扣押和比德爾被監禁。 He was called to appear before Parliament, but he still refused to accept the Deity of the Holy Spirit.他呼籲國會出庭，但他仍然拒絕接受神的聖靈。 The pamphlet was reprinted in 1647.這本小冊子是在1647年重印。 On the 6th of September of the same year, Parliament ordered the pamphlet to be burned.在9月6日同一年，國會下令小冊子被燒毀。 On the 2nd of May, 1648, a “Severe Ordinance” was passed, which stated that those who denied the Trinity or the divinity of Jesus or the Holy Spirit, would suffer death without the benefit of clergy.在1648年5月2日，一個“嚴重條例”獲得通過，其中規定，那些誰否認三位一體的神或耶穌或聖靈，將遭受死刑而沒有效益的神職人員。

The “Twelve Arguments” “十二參數”

Having seen how hard the Church tries to instill “blind faith” into those who opposes the Doctrine of Trinity, let us see the summary of the “Twelve Arguments”, the cause of such extreme measures, as follows.我們已經看到如何努力，教會試圖灌輸“迷信”為那些誰反對三位一體的教義，讓我們看到了簡要的“十二參數”，在這種極端措施的原因，如下。

1) He that is distinguished from God is not God. 1）他是區別於神不是神。
The Holy Spirit is distinguished from God. 聖靈是神的區別。
Therefore, the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

Biddle further explained this syllogism with these words:比德爾進一步解釋這 syllogism這樣說：

The major premise is quite clear inasmuch as if we say that the Holy Spirit is God and yet distinguished from God then it implies a contradiction.大前提是因為很清楚，如果我們說，聖靈是上帝，但上帝然後區別於它意味著一個矛盾。 The minor premise that the Holy Spirit is distinguished from God if it is taken personally and not essentially is against all reason:First, it is impossible for any man to distinguish the Person from the Essence of God, and not to frame two Beings or Things in his mind.該未成年人的前提，即聖靈是從神的尊敬，如果是採取個人，而不是本質上是反對的理由：首先，這是任何人無法分辨那人的本質的上帝，而不是神仙或東西兩幀在他心中。 Consequently, he will be forced to the conclusion that there are two Gods.Secondly, if the Person be distinguished from the Essence of God, the Person would be some Independent Thing.因此，他將被迫得出結論，有兩個 Gods.Secondly，如果人的本質區別開來的神，人會被一些獨立的事。 Therefore it would either be finite or infinite.因此，要么是有限或無限。 If finite then God would be a finite thing since according to the Church everything in God is God Himself.如果有限然後上帝將是有限的事情，因為根據教會的一切上帝是上帝。 So the conclusion is absurd.因此，結論是荒謬的。 If infinite then there will be two infinites in God, and consequently the two Gods which is more absurd than the former argument.Thirdly, to speak of God taken impersonally is ridiculous, as it is admitted by everyone that God is the Name of a Person, who with absolute sovereignty rules over all.如果無限的，則會有兩個 infinites神，因此這兩個神是比以前更荒謬 argument.Thirdly，談論上帝採取客觀是荒謬的，因為它是承認每個人都認為上帝是一個人的名字，誰與絕對主權的所有規則。 None but a person can rule over others therefore to take otherwise than personally is to take Him otherwise than He is.但沒有一個人能統治別人，因此採取以外親自帶他，否則，是比他。

2) He that gave the Holy Spirit to the Israelites is Jehova Alone. 2）他是給了聖靈的以色列人是Jehova孤獨。
Then the Holy Spirit is not Jehova or God. 然後，聖靈不是Jehova或上帝。

3) He that speakest not for himself is not God. 3）他是不說話，自己不是神。
The Holy Spirit speaks not for himself. 聖靈不是為自己說話。
Therefore the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

4) He that is taught is not God. 4）他是教不是神。
He that hears from another what he shall speak is taught. 聽到他說什麼，他會從另一個教授發言。
Christ speaks what he is told (John 8:26). 基督講什麼是告訴他（約翰8:26）。
Therefore Christ is not God. 因此，基督不是神。

5) In John 16:14 Jesus says: “God is He that giveth all things to all”. 5）在約翰福音16:14耶穌說：“上帝賜他的一切一切的”。
He that receives from another is not God. 他接收從另一個不是神。

6) He that is sent by another is not God. 6）他是寄給另一個不是神。
The Holy Spirit is sent by God. 聖靈是上帝派來的。
Therefore the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

7) He that is not the giver of all things is not God (Acts 17:25). 7）他是不是送禮者的所有東西，這是不是神（徒17:25）。
He that is the gift of God is not the giver of all things. 他是上帝的恩賜，是不是送禮者的一切。
He that is the gift of God is himself given. 他是上帝的恩賜，是他自己作出。
The gift is in the power and at the disposal of the giver. 這禮物是在電力和處置的送禮者。
It is therefore absurd to imagine that God can be in the power or at the disposal of another. 因此，它是荒謬的想像，上帝可以在權力或在處置另一個。

8) He that changes place is not God. 8），更改的地方，他不是上帝。
The Holy Spirit changes place. 聖靈改變的地方。
Therefore the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

This syllogism was explained by Biddle as follows:這個三段論是由比德爾解釋如下：

If God changes place then He would cease to be where He was before and begin to be where He was not before, which is against His Omnipresence and His Deity.如果上帝改變地方，那他就不再是他在那裡開始前，要在那裡他沒有，這也是對他的無處不在和他的神。 Therefore it was not God who came to Jesus but an Angel sustaining the Person in the Name of God.因此，它不是上帝，但誰來到耶穌天使維持人在神的名稱。

9) He that prays to Christ to come to judgement is not God. 9）他是向基督祈禱來判斷是不是上帝。
The Holy Spirit does so. 聖靈這樣做。
Therefore the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

10) In Romans 10:14 it reads, “How shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard. 10）在羅馬書10:14內容是，“如何將他們相信他的人，他們沒有聽到。 He in whom men have not believed, yet were disciples”. 他在其中的人一直不相信，但大弟子“。
He who is not believed in is not God. 他是誰不相信，是不是神。
Men have not believed in the Holy Spirit, yet were disciples. 男人們不相信聖靈，但大弟子。
Therefore the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

11) He that hears from God at the second hand, viz the Christ Jesus, what he shall speak has an understanding distinct from God. 11）從神聽到他說在第二次手，即基督耶穌，他會說有一個認識有別於上帝。
He that heareth from God what he shall speak is taught of God. 他說，從神聽見他的發言是被教的神。
The Holy Spirit does so. 聖靈這樣做。
Therefore the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

12) He that has a will distinct in number from that of God is not God. 12）他具有明顯的數量會從這個上帝不是神。
The Holy Spirit has a will distinct in number from God (Romans 8: 26-27). 聖靈將有一個明顯的數量從神（羅馬書8：26-27）。
Therefore the Holy Spirit is not God. 因此，聖靈不是神。

Conclusions 結論

Opposition to Trinitarian doctrines had been ongoing since it was first established in 325 AD One would no doubt wonder why the Church resorted to burning John Biddle's anti-Trinitarian writings instead of debating about it in a scholarly manner, if the Church is certain that the doctrine is undisputable and is indeed an inherent part of the Christian faith.反對三位一體的教義並一直持續下去，因為它最初成立於公元325一無疑會奇怪，為什麼會採取燃燒約翰比德爾的反三位一體的著作，而不是討論關於它在一個學術的方式，如果教會是肯定的學說確實是無可爭議的，是一種固有的一部分，基督教的信仰。

1. As reproduced & adapted from由於複製及改編自 Muhammad穆罕默德 `Ata ur-Rahim, `阿拉木圖烏爾拉希姆， Jesus 耶穌 A Prophet of 阿先知 Islam 伊斯蘭教 , pp.頁。 142-146 [ 142-146 [ back背面 ] ]