Muhammad (P) & The Lies穆罕默德（规划）及的谎言

Since the time when Islam rose to spread its light across the Middle East, North Africa, Spain and parts of Europe, the Christian Church and the European rulers felt threatened religiously and politically.由于伊斯兰教的时候上升到扩大其在中东地区，北非，西班牙和欧洲部分地区的光，基督教教会和欧洲统治者的宗教和政治上感到威胁。 The Christian missionaries began studying Islam to spread lies and slander against its teachings, and in order to arouse the people's hatred and fear of Islam.基督教传教士开始学习伊斯兰教教义散布针对其谎言和诽谤，并为了唤起人们的仇恨和对伊斯兰教的恐惧。 They even concoct name-calling and slander against the Prophet他们甚至编造谩骂和诽谤对先知 Muhammad穆罕默德 (P). （P）的。 This brief paper would serve to reflect on past and present polemical attacks made by Christians against the Prophet (P), insha'allah.这个简短的文件将有助于对反映的先知（规划），insha'allah基督徒过去和现在的论战作出攻击。

Language of the Christian Missionaries 语言的基督教传教士

The father of anti-Islamic polemics was John of Damascus (675-749), and when the Christian polemics started a few centuries ago in the era of the Crusades, he began the tradition of ridiculing Islam and the Prophet (P).反伊斯兰的论战大马士革的约翰的父亲是（675-749），当基督教论战几个世纪前开始的十字军东征时代，他开始了嘲笑伊斯兰和先知（P）的传统。 He claimed in his book De Haeresbius , that the Qur'an was not revealed but created by the Prophet(P), and that he was helped by a Christian monk, Bahira, to use the Old and New Testament to create a new scripture.他声称在他的书中德Haeresbius，即古兰经并没有透露，但）创建的先知（磷，他是由一位基督教圣经帮助僧人，Bahira，使用旧的和新约以创建一个新的。 He also claimed that the Prophet(P) created verses of the Qur'an to fulfill his own wants, and these were usually to do with lust and sexual deviancy.他还声称，先知（规划）创造了古兰经经文履行自己想要的，这些通常是与欲望和性变态。 Others followed John of Damascus in spreading ideas that portrayed Islam as an inferior religion, headed by Maracei, Hottinger, Nicholas de Cuse, Prideaux and others.[1] Later during the European scramble for colonial power in Asia and Africa, Christians once more encountered Islam.其次在传播其他想法，描绘成劣等宗教被Maracei，霍廷格，尼古拉德动原因，普里多和其他人负责。[1]后来在亚洲和欧洲争夺非洲的殖民大国，基督徒一次，约翰大马士革伊斯兰教遇到更多伊斯兰教。 Most of the Muslim lands fell under direct or indirect European rule.在穆斯林的土地大多数属直接或间接的欧洲规则。 It then became the policy of the Colonial Governments, supported by the Church, to portray Muslims as barbarians and try to destroy Islamic institutions, practices and influences.然后，它成为殖民地政府的政策，由教会支持下，穆斯林描绘成野蛮人，并尝试摧毁伊斯兰机构，做法和影响。

Most of us may not have heard the word Maometis derived from Mahomet , the word Maometis meaning the number of the beast, ie, 666 stuff in the Book of Revelations. This is the result of the Holy Ghost-inspired Christians.我们大部分可能没有听过这个词的 Maometis 启示来自穆罕默德 ，字书的意义Maometis数量的野兽，即在666的东西。结果，这是基督徒的圣灵启发的。 They concocted all kind of stories to malign the Prophet(P) in order to distort Islam and call it a 'Satanic' religion.他们所有的故事，编造诽谤先知（规划），以歪曲伊斯兰教和把它叫做'魔鬼'宗教。 As noted by Maulana Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi阿布所指出的Maulana哈桑阿里Nadwi

[The clergy, missionaries and European authors] have presented both the Prophet and his Message in shockingly hideous colours as a result of which astonishingly false and baseless talks have gained currency about them.[2] [神职人员，传教士和欧洲作家]有既代表着先知和他的信息，其中一个惊人的错误和毫无根据的谈判已经取得了对他们的货币造成可怕的令人震惊的颜色。[2]

We have to unanimously agree with the Orientalist W. Montgomery Watt when he says that:我们要与东方瓦特一致蒙哥马利瓦特同意时，他说：

Of all the world's greatest men none has been so much maligned as Muhammad. It is easy to see how this has come about. 世界上所有的最伟大的人物都没有这么多穆罕默德诬蔑为。很容易看到这种感觉如何产生的。 For centuries Islam was the great enemy of Christendom, for Christendom was in direct contact with no other organized states comparable in power to the Muslims.几个世纪以来，伊斯兰教是基督教的大敌，对基督教的直接接触是在权力没有其他类似组织的穆斯林国家。 The Byzantine empire, after losing its provinces in Syria and Egypt, was being attacked in Asia Minor, while Western Europe was threatened through Spain and Sicily.拜占庭帝国，在失去其在叙利亚和埃及的省份，被袭击的小亚细亚，而西欧是通过西班牙和西西里岛的威胁。 Even before the Crusades focused attention on the expulsion of the Sarcens from the Holy Land, medieval war-propaganda, free from the restraints of factuality was building up a conception of 'the great enemy'.即使在十字军东征的重点是从圣地，中世纪战争的宣传，从真实性的限制自由的Sarcens驱逐注意建立一个'伟大的敌人'的概念。 At one point Muhammad was transformed into Mahound, the prince of darkness.穆罕默德是在一个点变成Mahound，黑暗王子。 By the eleventh century the idea about Islam and Muslims current in the crusading armies were such travesties that they had a bad effect on morale.到了十一世纪伊斯兰教和穆斯林的关于当前军队在十字军的想法是，他们有不良影响士气等travesties。 The crusaders had been led to expect the worst of their enemies, and, when they found many chivalrous knights among them, they were filled with distrust for the authorities of their own religion.[3]十字军已导致预期最坏的敌人，而且，当他们发现其中有许多侠义骑士，他们充满对自己的宗教权威。与不信任[3]

It was during the Crusades that the most vile accusations were hurled against the Prophet(P) and Islam.这是十字军东征期间，最恶劣的指控是对先知（P）和伊斯兰投掷。 Karen Armstrong tells us that during the Crusades凯伦阿姆斯特朗告诉我们，在十字军东征

… biographies of Mohammed by Christians describe the Prophet's sex life in a manner that reveals far more about their own sexual problems than about the facts of the Prophet's life. The Koran was said, quite incorrectly, to condone homosexuality and to encourage unnatural forms of intercourse. 基督徒 ... 穆罕默德传记描述了先知的生活先知的性生活更多的方式，揭示了目前他们的事实自己的性问题，而不是什么。古兰经是说，很正确，纵容同性恋和鼓励性交非自然形式。 One scholar claimed that the foulness of lust among Muslims was inexpressible; they were deep in this filth from the soles of their feet to the crown of the head.一位学者宣称，穆斯林之间的情欲纠缠是难以形容的，他们在这个从他们的脚底肮脏的头冠深。 Soon the Church would accuse any out-group in Christendom of excessive and unnatural sexual practices and twelfth century Christians stigmatized “heresy” of Islam by cursing what they considered its sexual laxity.[4]不久，教会会指责过度和非自然性行为和第十二届世纪的基督徒基督教任何圈外指责，由咒骂伊斯兰“异端”他们认为其性松弛。[4]

This stigma of “sexual laxity” by the Crusaders upon “those cursed Moslems” (sic) is further confirmed when Dominican Friar Humbert of Lyons (c. 1300) says that这种“性放纵”的呼吁“穆斯林的诅咒”（原文如此）时，进一步证实多米尼加修士亨伯特的里昂（约1300）说，十字军耻辱

Nor did Mahomet teach anything of great austerity…indeed, he even allowed many pleasurable things, to do with a multitude of women, abuse of them, and suchlike…many Christians change and will change to the Saracen religion.[5]穆罕默德教也没有什么大的紧缩...事实上，他甚至允许很多愉快的事情，做了许多妇女，其中滥用等类似...许多基督徒改变，并会改变撒拉森宗教。[5]

In the 16th century, the Protestant movement began under Luther (1483-1546) and Calvin (1509-1564).早在十六世纪，新教运动开始在路德（1483-1546）和卡尔文（1509年至1564年）。 Their attitude were no different from the Christian Catholics whom they broke away from.他们的态度没有人从他们的基督教教徒脱离不同。 Martin Luther's attitude towards Islam was reflected in the following words:马丁路德的对伊斯兰教的态度反映在以下文字：

…who fights against the Turks [Muslims]…should consider that he is fighting an enemy of God and a blasphemer of Christ, indeed, the devil himself…. ...谁反对土耳其人[穆斯林]打架...应该考虑到他是神的敌人战斗和基督渎神，事实上，魔鬼...。 [6] [6]

Calvin's attitude towards Islam was no different. Calvin的对伊斯兰教的态度是没有什么不同。 Among the Protestants in Germany, the word Mahoun and Mahound was used to refer the Prophet(P), which in German means dog .其中德国的新教徒，字Mahoun和Mahound被用来指先知（P），它意味着在德国的狗 。 In Scottish this word means the devil , with which to frighten children. 苏格兰在这个词的意思是魔鬼 ，与来吓唬孩子。

Several examples of the baseless claims about the Prophet(P) written by the Christian missionaries and Orientalists are as follows:关于由基督教传教士和东方学家写的先知（P）的毫无根据的索赔几个例子如下：

• Dante Alighieri, a poet from Florence, Italy, in his epic poem called La Divina Commedia , or The Divine Comedy , said that in one of his visits, he saw the Prophet(P) in the fourth level of Hell.但丁，一个喜剧诗人从佛罗伦萨，意大利，在他的史诗称为神曲 ， 或神 ，他说，他的一个访问，他看到了第四层地狱的先知）在（磷。
• Rolland also wrote several lyrics in his poetry about wars that Charlemagne had with the Muslims, and how he destroyed the idols that they worship.罗兰也写在了他对战争的诗歌歌词几个查理曼曾与穆斯林，以及他如何摧毁他们崇拜的偶像。 Further, Rolland wrote that the Muslims in Al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) worship a trinity of idols by the names of Mahome, Tarfagan and Abulun .此外，罗兰写道，Abulun穆斯林安达卢斯（穆斯林西班牙）崇拜和三位一体的，Tarfagan偶像的名字Mahome。
• DS Margoliuth wrote in The Biography of Mohammad that the Prophet was “a person who uses conjury.副Margoliuth 穆罕默德传记中写道的 ，先知是“一个人谁使用魔法。 He had secret meetings which are similar to Masonic festivals and his companions had signs to be recognized, ie they take out the end of their turbans”.他曾秘密会晤的节日类似共济会和他的同伴已被确认的迹象，即他们拿出自己的头巾“结束。
• HA Lammens, a Jesuit and Church pastor, wrote that Muhammad(P) “ate a lot, followed his (sexual) desires and died because of stomach disease”.医管局Lammens，耶稣会和教会牧师说，穆罕默德（P）的“吃了很多，之后他的（性）欲望，因为胃部疾病而死亡。”
• Papa Bardoux wrote that the Prophet was “a propagandist of the Sahara desert and died because of poisoning”.爸爸Bardoux说，先知是“一个撒哈拉沙漠的宣传和因中毒死亡。”
• Prideaux wrote, among others, the following: “Islam is the religion for the followers of the devil.普里多说，等等，下面的：“伊斯兰教是魔鬼的信徒的宗教。 The Moslems are an ignorant race and the Koran from the beginning to the end is filled with the stories of the impossible”.[7]穆斯林是一个无知的种族和可兰经，从开始到结束，是与不可能“的故事填补。[7]

Reading all the above, one wonders whether it is the Holy Spirit of the Christians or the Devil himself which have “inspired” them in their dastardly deed. One who has even a rudimentary knowledge of Islam could easily see that all these allegations are all lies and damned lies.阅读所有上述情况， 令人怀疑是否是基督徒圣灵或恶魔本人有“灵感”他们在卑鄙的行为。一个谁也即使是对伊斯兰教的基本知识，可以很容易地看到，所有这些指控都是谎言和该死的谎言。 Of course, that does not stop Christians from repeating them time and time again.当然，这并不能阻止他们重复一次又一次的基督徒。

There are, however, people who have studied the life of the Prophet(P) as well as Islam.有，但是，谁研究过的先知（P）的生活以及伊斯兰教的人。 They do not have an axe to grind like the missionaries mentioned above.他们没有像别有用心上述传教士。 Montgomery Watt after examining the various charges of voluptuousness, apart from others heaped on the Prophet(P) concludes that蒙哥马利瓦特在审查艳丽的，除了其他各项收费的先知（P）的堆积的结论是，

In his day and generation Muhammad was a social reformer, indeed a reformer even in the sphere of morals. He created a new system of social security and a new family structure, both of which were a vast improvement on what went before. 在他的时代和发电穆罕默德是一个社会改革家，的确是一个改革者，即使在道德领域的影响。他创造了一个社会保障的新体系和新的家庭结构，而这两者都是一个巨大的进步了，然后什么。 In this way he adapted for settled communities all that was best in the morality of the nomad, and established a religious and a social framework for the life of a sixth of the human race today.就这样，他改编为定居社区所有这一切都在游牧道德最好的，并建立了宗教和为一个人类生活的社会今天第六框架。 That is not the work of a traitor or a lecher.[8]这是不是一个叛徒还是瞎胡闹工作。[8]

Thomas Carlyle also spoke regarding Western slander of the Prophet(P)托马斯卡莱尔还谈到关于先知（P）的西方污蔑

Our current hypothesis about Mahomet, that he was a scheming Imposter, a Falsehood incarnate, that his religion is a mere mass of quackery and fatuity, begins really to be now untenable to any one.我们目前的假设有关穆罕默德，他是一个诡计多端的骗子，一个谬误的化身，他的宗教是愚昧的骗术和单纯的质量，现在开始真的要站不住脚的任何人。 The lies which well-meaning zeal has heaped round this man are disgraceful to ourselves only…A silent great soul, one of that who cannot but be earnest.它的谎言善意的热情已经堆满圆这个人是可耻的...对自己只有一个沉默的伟大的灵魂，是一个谁不能不认真。 He was to kindle the world, the world?s Maker had ordered so.[9]他点燃了世界，这个世界吗？制作公司已经下令让。[9]

In concuring with Watt, Roger DuPasquier points out the following在与瓦concuring，罗杰杜帕斯奎尔指出以下

In general one must unhappily concur with an Orientalist like Montgomery Watt when he writes that 'of all the great men of the world, no-one has had as many detractors as Muhammad.' Having engaged in a lengthy study of the life and work of the Prophet, the British Arabist add that 'it is hard to understand why this has been the case', finding the only plausible explanation in the fact that for centuries在一般人必须同意与一瓦不幸东方蒙哥马利时，他喜欢写这与世界上所有的伟人，没有人对穆罕默德的批评者一样多。'具有从事长时间的学习和工作的生命先知，英国阿拉伯学者补充说，'这是很难理解为什么这个一直如此'，在事实发现的唯一合理的解释，几百年来 Christianity基督教 treated Islam as its worst enemy.其最大的敌人视为伊斯兰教。 And although Europeans today look at Islam and its founder in a somewhat more objective light, 'many ancient prejudices still remain.'[10]尽管欧洲人在伊斯兰看看今天，其在较为客观的角度创始人，许多古老的偏见依然存在。'[10]

Crusades Not Over 十字军东征没有结束

Even today in this modern age, we still see the Christians being the worst of the slanderers of the character of the Prophet(P), some in politically-correct language.即使在现代时代的今天，我们仍然看到的是基督徒的先知（规划），在政治上，一些正确的语言字符的诽谤者最差。 These derogatory names were concocted by “love-thy-neighbor”, “turn-thy-cheek” Christians who maintained an open policy of defamation against Islam and Muhammad(P) throughout the Middle Ages.这些贬义的名字是编造的，“爱人，你的邻居”，“开启你的，脸颊”基督徒谁保持了诽谤针对伊斯兰教和穆罕默德（P）的开放政策，在整个中世纪。 Apparently, this policy still exists today, albeit in a much more sophisticated apparatus.显然，这一政策今天仍然存在，尽管在一个更为复杂的仪器。 As recent as 1989, we read the following:最近在1989年，我们读到以下内容：

Muslim society looks profoundly repulsive…It looks repulsive because it is repulsive…A Westerner who claims to admire Muslim society, while still adhering to Western values, is either a hypocrite or an ignoramus, or a bit of both….Arab and Muslim society is sick, and has been sick for a long time.[11]穆斯林社会来看非常反感...它看上去令人厌恶的，因为这是令人厌恶的...西方人欣赏谁索赔的回教社会，同时仍然坚持在西方的价值观，要么是一个伪君子或无知，或两者兼而有之...。阿拉伯和穆斯林社会病了，已经很长一段时间生病。[11]

Claims like Child Molester, a Leader of Camel Bandits, and an anti-Christ by the Christians, who frequent throughout newsgroups and discussion boards on the Internet, are common whether out of willful ignorance or otherwise.如儿童性骚扰者，土匪的骆驼的领袖，一个反基督索赔的基督徒，谁在整个互联网上的新闻组和讨论板频繁，无论是共同故意无知或以其他方式进行。 Not to mention that there are several Christians who take delight in misrepresenting the Qur'?c verses and the hadith, even to the extent of imposing “Christology” upon the Qur'?and later claim that the Qur'?”supports” the更何况，还有谁参与歪曲古兰经喜悦几个基督徒摄氏度经文和圣训，甚至到了强加于古兰经“基督”的程度'？，后来声称古兰经'？“支持” Christian doctrines基督教教义 of original sin and the Trinity.原罪和三位一体。

Is there a purpose behind this misrepresentation of Islam?这背后是否有歪曲伊斯兰教的目的是什么？ Norman A. Daniel observes that丹尼尔认为，诺曼答

[the] West formed a more or less invariable canon of beliefs about Islam; it decided for itself what Islam was, and formed a view materially different from anything Muslims would recognise … The important thing was it suited the West. [该]西方形成了对伊斯兰教的信仰或多或少不变的准则;它为自己决定什么是伊斯兰教，并形成了从什么观点重大穆斯林将承认...，重要的是它适合与西方不同。 It corresponded to need … it gave Christendom self-respect in dealing with a civilisation in many ways its superior.[12]这相当于在需要...它给在许多方面与上级打交道的基督教文明的自我尊重。[12]

Rana Kabbani further expands on the reasons why Muslims and the East were portrayed in this manner, and concludes that:林蛙Kabbani进一步扩展了为什么穆斯林和东方被以这种方式描述的原因，并得出结论：

If it could be suggested that Eastern peoples were slothful, preoccupied with sex, violence, and incapable of self-government, then the imperialist would feel himself justified in stepping in and ruling. Political domination and economic exploitation needed the cosmetic cant of mission civilisatrice to seem fully commendatory…The image of the European coloniser had to remain an honourable one: he did not come as exploiter, but as enlightener.[13] 如果它可以建议，东方人民是懒惰，斤斤计较色情，暴力，政府无能的自我，那么就会感到自己的帝国主义统治加强有理由并作出裁决。政治和经济剥削所需要的任务civilisatrice化妆品不能向似乎完全褒义...欧洲coloniser形象必须保持一个体面的一个：。他没有来作为剥削者，而是作为启蒙者[13]

So basically, nothing has changed from the days of Crusades until today.因此，基本上，一切都没有改变，直到今天，从十字军东征的日子。 The “Crusades” are still not over, albeit having replaced the sword with “missionary-ganda” and arguments wrapped up in a deceptive way to dupe the Muslim mind.在“十字军东征”还没有结束，尽管仍然有改为“传教士甘达”和参数的剑包裹在一个欺骗性的方式欺骗​​穆斯林头脑。 Being in newsgroups like soc.religion.islam, alt.religion.islam and other discussion boards for more than a year, I can easily testify to that.如soc.religion.islam，alt.religion.islam和一年以上的其他讨论区新闻组的存在，我可以轻松地证明了这一点。

Conclusion 结论

It would always be the goal of the Christian missionaries who view Muslim countries as “the last frontier” to cause confusion within unknowledgeable Muslims and ultimately convert them to their cause.这将永远是谁认为的“最后边疆”在无知的穆斯林造成混乱，并最终将其转换为自己的事业穆斯林国家的基督教传教士的目标。 The churches in the West are emptying, some even sold for the building of new mosques, but the missionaries are looking East for their “expansion”.在西方教会排空，有的甚至为新清真寺的建筑出售，但传教士们正在寻找他们的“扩张”东。 In the Qur'?在古兰经'？ God Almighty have warned the Muslims of their plan.全能的上帝已警告说，他们的计划穆斯林。

“And they say: 'Be Jews or Christians, then ye will be rightly guided.' “他们说：'是犹太教徒或基督教徒，那么你们将遵循正道。' Say: 'Nay, but (we follow) the religion of Abraham, the upright, and he was not of the idolaters.'” (Qur'an 2:135)你说：'不，但（我们跟随）亚伯拉罕，直立宗教，他不是偶像崇拜者。'“（古兰经2:135）

“And they say: 'None entereth Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian.' “他们说：'。没有进去的天堂，除非他是一个犹太人或基督徒 These are their (vain) desires.这些都是他们（白）的欲望。 Say: 'Bring your proof (of what ye state) if ye are truthful!'” (Qur'an 2:111)你说：'把你的证明（你们是什么状态）如果你们是诚实的！'“（古兰经2:111）

However, one really wonders: if Islam was just some false belief with complicated doctrines that didn't make any sense, why would so many people, from Western Orientalists to Christian missionaries, have to tell so many untruths about it?然而，一个真正的奇迹：如果只是一些伊斯兰教的教义与复杂错误观念，认为没有任何意义，为什么会这么多人，从东方到西方基督教传教士，都告诉这么多的谎言？ If Islam is indeed from the Devil, you do not need the Devil's ways to defeat it – explaining the truth would be enough.如果确实是伊斯兰教从魔鬼，你不需要魔鬼的方法来战胜它 - 解读真相就足够了。 The reason is simple, that the ultimate truth of Islam stands on solid ground and its simple yet unshakable belief in the Unity of God is beyond reproach.原因很简单，就是对伊斯兰教的终极真理坚实的基础，其简单而不可动摇的，在神的统一信仰立场是无可指责的。 No wonder that some Christians, after struggling with the “mental dialectics” of explanation of the Holy Trinity for so long, finally either become an atheist or turn to Islam!难怪一些基督徒，在与“精神辩证法”的三位一体的解释挣扎了这么久，终于要么成为一个无神论者或转信伊斯兰教！

This is what the missionaries, from the era of the Crusades until the modern age, fear very much.这是从十字军东征时代，直到现代的传教士，非常恐惧。 Certainly, there is much truth in the statement that Islam is the most misrepresented religion of the world.当然，还有在声明中伊斯兰教是世界上最歪曲宗教很有道理。 But if Muslims take the effort to correct the image of Islam, lies will finally be dispelled by truth, insha'allah.但是，如果穆斯林采取的努力来纠正伊斯兰教的形象，谎言终将被事实，insha'allah一扫而空。

And certainly, only God knows best!和肯定，只有上帝最清楚！

References 参考文献

[1] H. Zainal Abidin Abbas, Sejarah dan Perjuangan Nabi Muhammad , Jld 1, pp. 28-32 [1]阁下再纳阿比丁阿巴斯，Sejarah丹Perjuangan彩蝶穆罕默德 ，Jld 1，第28-32

[2] Maulana Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi, Speaking Plainly to the West , p. [2] Maulana阿布哈桑阿里Nadwi， 坦率地对西方时 ，第 35 35

[3] WM Watt, Muhammad At Medina , 1956 [3]西医瓦，1956年穆罕默德在麦地那 ，

[4] Karen Armstrong, Holy War: The Crusades and their Impact on Today's World , 1992 [4]凯伦阿姆斯特朗， 圣战：十字军东征，其 1992年的影响在今天的世界 ，

[5] Norman Daniel, Heroes and Saracens: An Interpretation of the Chansons de Geste , 1984 [5]诺曼丹尼尔， 英雄和撒拉逊人：一个德geste，1984解读歌谣

[6] E. Grislis, Luther and the Turks , The Muslim World , Vol. [6]大肠杆菌Grislis， 路德和土耳其人，穆斯林世界 ，卷。 LXIV, No.3 (July, 1974), p. LXIV，3号（七月，1974），第 183. 183。

[7] H. Zainal Abidin Abbas, Op. [7]阁下再纳阿比丁阿巴斯作品。 Cit. 前。

[8] WM Watt, Op. [8]西医瓦， 作品。 Cit . 前 。

[9] Thomas Carlyle, Heroes and Hero Worship and the Heroic in History [9]托马斯卡莱尔， 英雄和英雄崇拜和历史英雄的

[10] Roger DuPasquier, Unveiling Islam , p. [10]罗杰杜帕斯奎尔，拉开伊斯兰教 ，第 47 47

[11] Connor Cruise O' Brian, The Times (London) , May 1989 [11]康纳克鲁斯Ö'布赖恩， 泰晤士报（伦敦），1989年5月

[12] Norman A. Daniel, Islam and the West: The Making of an Image , p. [12]诺曼答：丹尼尔， 伊斯兰和西方：图像制作的 ，第 270 270

[13] Rana Kabbani, Imperial Fiction: Europe's Myths of the Orient , p. [13]蛙Kabbani 帝国小说：东方欧洲的神话 ，第 6 6

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Category: 分类： Islam伊斯兰教 , ， Muhammad穆罕默德 , ， Polemical Rebuttals争论的辩驳