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Al Nabi Sirat Orientalists: William Muir, D.S. Margoliouth W. Montgomery. Rodrigues
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, 1/3 . , . 3 , ( ) - . , al-Aqaba Tigris- . . ; , , .
, 14000 10000 . Hadramaut , Yaman, Asir Hijaz Makka Ta'if , , , . , al-Akhdar 10000 . , . , 4000 100 50 , , Najd, .
. , Makka, Madina, Ta'if - . , Gp waddis streambeds. , 3 : Al-Nufud , al-Khali al-Rub' ( ) , , al-Dahna, 2 - . , fissured , , . Ip . , . . . , . zero .
verb , , , - 3 15th/XVI , . . . - ( ) , Phoenician , Tigris- ( ), - . east-north-east . « » . Semitic , Phoenician, . , . « » ; 3 . highroad middle-men . .
. , . Semitic ( , Nuh (p)). K. Hitti P. , «Semitic» , - , , , Semitic , , , . « . » [1]
2 , . al-Ba'idah `al- ( ) . `, Thamud, Tasm, Jadis, `Amlaq . Qur'an , ` Thamud. ( Hadramaut) latter , al-Hijr. Hud (p) [2] Salih (p) [3] 2 . Qur'an, . Thamud Sargon II, 715 B.C. Ptolemy Pliny. [4]
2 , `Aribah al- `al- al-Musta'ribah al- ' . Yashjub, Ya'rub Qahtan (Joktan ) [5]. Qahtanite. Yaman. Sabaean Himyarite Qahtanite. Qur'an Sabaeans [6].
, , Qahtanite . Ma'rib A.C. . Azd. , Amr `ibn Banu Tha'labah, al-Tha'labiyyah Madina. `Aws Khazraj (ansar) .
Azd, Amr `ibn Banu Harithah Hijaz - Banu Khuza'ah. Makka , Banu Jurhum. Qahtanite, Banu Lakhm, al-Hirah ( Kufa ) (A.C. 200-602). , Banu Ghassan, Ghassanid , . Ghassanid - Sasanid Khusraw Parwez , Damascus , A.C. 613-614.
2 Qahtanite Banu Tayyi Banu Kindah. , `A'a Salma, - Tayyi. al-Tayyi' Hatim . Banu Kindah, ontheonehand, . , , (malik).
, al-Musta'ribah al- ' , Ibrahim (p) Isma'il (p). - Qahtanite . Isma'il Makka - Qahtanite . Ibrahim non- non-Semitic . Semitic Tigris- (Babylonia). Makka . Isma'il « » non-Semitic , .
Socio- : Jahiliyyah
, ( ) dualism . Abrahamic. Abrahamic Abrahamic . , , polytheism idolatry .
Isma'il . , , unsophisticated approachable , idolize , , , , , .
« » , contemporaneously polytheism . , pre- , al-Faruqi R. Ismail, « . . Ka'ba. » [7]
Polytheism Makka Banu Khuza'ah, ibn Luhayy Amr ` . [8] `Ibn Hisham Amr . ` , grayed . Amr ` . Hubal Makka, Ka'ba , . . [9] al-Kalbi Ibn, Amr ` - , . , . , , etc. [10]
polytheism Ismail . , , , sanam, « selem. » [11]
ibn Amr ` Luhayy Wadd, Suwa', Yaghuth, Ya'uq Nasr, Nuh unbelieving. Amr jinni Jeddah thence . , Jeddah, , , Makka . [12]
Nuh's, Qur'an (71:23 Q.). deification , Babylonia, Nuh. [13]
`Abbas Ibn (r) Nuh, idolized . [14] , , , Isma'il polytheism , , ibn Luhayy Amr ` . , , polytheism . Ibn Ishaq . Isma'il Makka, , , Ka'ba. , circumambulated circumambulate Ka'ba . . Abrahamic . [15]
, , , . 360 Ka'ba. Hubal. Quraysh remade . 2 Ka'ba `Isaf Na'ila, Zamzam , Safa Marwah. pre- , `Isaf Na'ila Banu Jurhum - desecrated . [16]
Ka'ba Gp Ka'bas (tawaghit), , , . , circumambulate , polytheistic . AI-Lat `Uzza Ta'if, Al Nakhlah Manat Qudayd. . Al-Kalbi Ibn Al-Lat « » (ahdath `) Manat, Al- 'Uzza « » al-Lat Manat. [17] Al- 'Uzza 3; ( azam `) Quraysh , Banu Kinanah . [18]
Qur'an 3 (53:19 Q. - 20). semi- demi-Ka'bas al-Khalsah Dhu Tabalah ( « 7 » Makka), Fils Tayy, Ri'am San'a Yaman, Ruda ibn Ka'b Banu Rabi'ah, Ka'bas (al-Ka'abat Dhu) Sindad Banu Bakr Banu Taghlib Ka'ba al-Harith Banu Najran. [19]
Ka'bas . Suwa Ruhat (Yanbu'), Wadd al-Jandal Dumat, Yaghuth Jurash ( Banu Tayy), Ya'uq Hamdan Yaman («2 » San'a ), Nasr Himyar (Balkha') Yaman, `Umyanis Anas `Amm ` Khawlan Sa'd Tanufa. [20]
Pre- . supplication , prostrated , , beseeched , propitiate , , circumambulated , divination . , `Abd Yaghuth, al- 'Uzza Abd `, etc. polytheism - pre- involved Hindus. pre- . polytheism Isma'ilite Abrahamic.
Abrahamic polytheistic . Allah (23:84 Q. - 89; 31:25), jinn. pre- Allah succour (10:22 Q.; 31:32). Allah (Q.6: 109) `Abd Allah. , , Allah [21], -Abrahamic, Allah . K. Hitti P., , Qur'anic Abd Allah Quraysh, «evidently Allah « Quraysh. » [22]
. Quraysh `Abd Allah . Quraysh, «Hypocrites» Madina ibn Ubayy Abd Allah `!
Abrahamic Ka'ba Makka, circumambulation , (umrah `) ( ) , Abrahamic ` , Muzdalifa, Mina, , 7 Safa Marwah . Abrahamic `Ashura. [23]
Abrahamic polytheistic syncretic . ill-assorted . pre- Allah (Q. 39: 3); intercessors (10:18 Q.); , jinn Allah (16:57 Q.). ( ) , ( ) Allah (6:136 Q.). polytheistic « » (talbiyah) circumambulation Ka'ba [24] Makkans ` Muzdalifa - , circumambulate Ka'ba ( ) circumambulating . mingling polytheistic Allah Qur'an : « Allah ( ) .» (12:06 Q.)
Polytheism Allah . , - - . propitiated Allah . , . « ; », [25].
unaccountability . Licentiousness, , , fornication , . [26] polyandry, ( 10), . , , . [27] . [28]
, social lhbim pre- . , chattels. . divorced . ; - . 2 . ( ). , . inauspicious (16:58 Q. - 59). , (6:137 Q.; 6:151). , waned Makka; . Qur'an « polytheists» (6:137 Q.). Ibn Asim Qays Banu Tamim, H. 9, 8 12 [29].
unaccountability , , spoliating . . . soothsayers , , divination . raffling . , , . , , . habal al-habala, , - - . [30]
polytheistic tabooing , , al-sa'ibah, al-bahirah, al-wasilah al-hami. Tabooed - 10 al-sa'ibah. , . , « » al-bahirah tabooed. Tabooed - 10 5 al-wasilah. Tabooed 10 al-hami. [31] Qur'an (5:103 Q.; 6:139). , polytheism, licentiousness, , , , , , (hamiyyah), etc., Qur'an jahiliyyah. [32]
socio- , , , Mazdaism (Zoroastrianism) Sabaism ( Sabianism) . , Ghassanid Hira . Hira . Yaman (A.C. 340-378). Najran Monophysite Faymiyun [33]. . Makka .
. 2 - 587 B.C. Titus 70 A.C. Yathrib (Madina), Khaybar, Tayma Fadak. . Himyarite (Tubba') Abu Karib As'ad Kamil (A.C 385-420) Madina 2 propagate Yaman. [34] Yaman ; As'ad Kamil, Dhui Nuwas, , . Yaman massacred Najran, [35]. - Yaman Dhu Nuwas Abrahah. , Abrahah Christianize , San'a Makka 570-7 1 A.C. Ka'ba.
Mazdaism Zoroastrianism, , Bahrayn. Yaman 525 A.C. Sabianism Sabaism, Qur'an [36], Babylonian . votaries . , ; Sabian. [37]
, , . , (p) (p). discerning , , , Mary, Allah . , exclusivity `Uzayr polytheistic. Abrahamic appellation Hanifs [38]. Abrahamic , Hanifs inefficacy .
[1] . K. Hitti, (1937), 10th edn (1970, 11th . 1986), pp. 8-9
[2] Surah XI Qur'an . . ayahs 50-60. . 7:65 - 72; 25:123 - 140 46:21 - 26.
[3] . 7:73 Q. - 79; 11:61 - 68; 24:141 - 159; 27:45 - 53
[4] 1913-1936, VIII, P. 736
[5] Qahtan `Abir, Shalikh, Arfakhshad, , Nuh (p)
[6] Surah 34 Qur'an . . ayahs 15-21. . 27:22.
[7] Al-Faruqi R. Isma'il al-Faruqi Lois Lamya, ( - , 1986), P. 63
[8] Bukhari, , 3521, 4623-4624; Muslim, 2856; Musnad, II, 275-276; III, 318, 353, 374; V. 137
[9] Ibn Hisham, I, 77
[10] Al-Kalbi Ibn, al-Asnam Kitab, ed. Pasha Ahmad Zaki, , 1343 /1924, P. 8
[11] . K. Hitti, , 1986 , P. 100 N. 2
[12] Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bari, VI, 634
[13] . , 1913-1936, 1, 379-380; A. Yusuf , Qur'an: , , Leicester, 1975, pp. 1619-1623 ( XIII Surah 71)
[14] Bukhari, 4920
[15] Ibn Hisham, 1, 77
[16] Ibn Hisham, 1, 82. Al-Kalbi Ibn, op. cit., 9, 29
[17] Al-Kalbi Ibn, Op. Cit., 16, 17. (VOL. I, 380) Al-Lat Leto, Sun-
[18] Ibn Hisham, I, 83; Al-Kalbi Ibn, op. cit., 18
[19] Ibn Hisham, I, 83-89; Ibn Kalbi, op. cit., 30.44-47
[20] Ibn Hisham, I, 78-83
[21] . F.V. Winnet, «Allah », M.W., XXVIII (1938), pp. 239-248
[22] Hitti, op. cit., 101
[23] Bukhari, 3831
[24] Ibn Hisham, I, 78
[25] 23:37 Q. Qur'an, unbelievers. . , 6:29; 17:49; 17:98; 23:35; 23:82; 37:16; 37:53; 37:58 - 59; 44:35; 50:3; 56:47 64: 7. Qur'an .
[26] Qur'an . . 5:3; 5:90; 17:23; 24: 2-3; 25:68 60:12
[27] Bukhari, 5127
[28] Ibid.
[29] Al-Numayri (al-Basri), ibn Shabbab Umar `Abu Zayd (173-262 H.), al-Munawwarah al-Madinat Tarikh, ed. F.M. Shaltut, II, , Madina, n.d., P. 532; Al-Ghabah Usd `, IV, 220; Al- 'Isabah, 111, 253 (No 7194). . al-Darimi, I, , 3-4
[30] Bukhari, 3843. .
[31] Ibn Hisham, I, 89
[32] 3:154 Q.; 5:50; 33:33; 48:26 Bukhari, 3524
[33] Ibn Hisham, I, 31-34
[34] Ibn Hisham, I, pp. 26-27
[35] 85:4 Q.
[36] 2:62 Q.; 5:69; 22:17
[37] Bukhari, 3523; Musnad, III, 492; IV, 341; Ibn Hisham, I, 344
[38] Infra, Ch. XIII, I.
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