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Christians believe that Kresťania veria, že Paul of Tarsus Pavol z Tarzu is the “Apostle” of Jesus (P), whom he met in a vision on his journey to Damascus. je "apoštol" Ježiša (P), koho on sa stretol v vízie o svojej ceste do Damasku. Paul is also claimed to be the author of the Epistles to the Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon and Hebrews. Paul je tiež vyhlasoval, že je autor epištoly Rimanom, 1 a 2 Korintským, Galatským, Efezským, Filipským, Kolosanom, 1 a 2 Solúnčanom, 1 a 2 Timoteovi, Titus, Filemonovi a Židom. It is therefore strange that this self-confessed 'Apostle' of Jesus Christ fails to pay more attention to the words of Jesus (P) himself in his epistles: Preto je podivné, že toto self-priznal 'posel' Ježiša Krista nie je schopný venovať viac pozornosti Ježišove slová (P) sa vo svojich listoch:

All the evidence indicates that the words of Jesus were authoritative in the Church from the first, and this makes it the more remarkable that such scanty attention is paid to the words or works of Jesus in the earliest Christian writings, Paul's letters, the later Epistles, Hebrews, Revelation, and even Acts have little to report about them….Papias (ca. AD 130), the first person to actually name a written gospel, illustrates the point. Všetky dôkazy ukazujú, že Ježišove slová bola autoritatívne v cirkvi od prvého, a to robí to pozoruhodnejšie, že je taká sporu pozornosť venovať slová alebo diela Ježiša v najbližšej kresťanské spisy, Paul listy, neskôr listy , Židom, Zjavenie, a dokonca aj zákony majú len málo spoločného správy o nich .... Papias (ca. AD 130), prvá osoba, ktorá vlastne názov písomného evanjelium, ukazuje bod. Even though he defends Mark's gospel (Euseb. Hist. III.xxxix.15-16), and had himself appended a collection of Jesus tradition to his “Interpretation of the Oracles of the Lord” (Euseb. Hist. III.xxxix.2-3), his own clear preference was for the oral tradition concerning Jesus, and the glimpses that Eusebius provides of Papias' Jesus tradition give no hint of his dependence on Mark. Aj keď obhajuje Marka evanjelium (Euseb. Hist. III.xxxix.15-16), a mal sám pripojí zbierku tradície Ježiš k jeho "Výklad Proroka Pána" (Euseb. Hist. III.xxxix.2 -3), jeho vlastné jasné preferencie bola pre ústnej tradície o Ježišovi, a náznaky, ktoré Eusébius poskytuje tradície Papias 'Ježiš dávať žiadny náznak jeho závislosť na Marka. Neither do the more frequent citations of Jesus in the apostolic fathers, largely “synoptic” in character, show much dependence on our written gospels. Ani častejšie citácie Ježiša v apoštolskej otca, do značnej miery "prehľadné" charakter, ukazuje, ako ďaleko závislosť na naše písomné evanjelií. ^{1 1}

To what extent has the Pauline letters shaped the selection of the gospels of the New Testament as canon today? Do akej miery Pauline listov v tvare výber evanjelií Nového zákona ako Canon dnes? This article would examine the evidence and present its conclusions on the matter, insha'allah. Tento článok bude skúmať dôkazy a predložiť svoje závery v tejto veci, insha'allah.

The Pauline Epistles and Their Influence Over the Selection of Gospels Pauline listy a ich vplyv na výber evanjelií

It is acknowledged that the current gospels of the New Testament, which contain the words of Jesus, were written after the Pauline epistles . Je známe, že súčasná evanjelia Nového zákona, ktoré obsahujú slová Ježišovho, bol písaný po listy Pauline. This statement is confirmed by Prof. Brandon, when he informs us that Toto vyhlásenie potvrdzuje Prof Brandon, keď nás informuje, že

The earliest Christian writings that have been preserved for us are the letters of the apostle Paul. Najskôr kresťanské spisy ktoré zachovali pre nás sú listy apoštola Pavla. ^{2 2}

All but the gospels acceptable to the Pauline faith were systematically destroyed or re-written. Všetci ale evanjeliách prijateľné viery Pauline boli systematicky zničené alebo re-písaný. In fact, the gospels were not even in existence prior to the Pauline writings. V skutočnosti, evanjelií neboli ani v existenciu pred Pauline spisy. Rev. Charles Anderson Scott tells us that Rev Karel Anderson Scott nám hovorí, aby

It is highly probable that not one of the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) was in existence in the form which we have it, prior to the death of Paul. Je vysoko pravdepodobné, že ani jeden z Prehľadná evanjelií (Matúš, Mark a Luke), bol v existenciu v podobe, ktoré sme jej pred smrťou Paula. And were the documents to be taken in strict order of chronology, the Pauline Epistles would come before the synoptic Gospels. A boli dokumenty majú byť prijaté v prísnom poradí chronológia, by Pauline listy skôr, než synoptické evanjelia. ^{3 3}

Hyam Maccoby makes an interesting observation regarding the influence of Paul as follows: Hyam Maccoby robí zaujímavé pozorovania týkajúce sa vplyvu Paul takto:

We should remember that the New Testament, as we have it, is much more dominated by Paul than appears at first sight. Mali by sme si uvedomiť, že v Novom zákone, ako sme to, je oveľa viac dominuje Paul, ako sa zdá na prvý pohľad. As we read it, we come across the Four Gospels, of which Jesus is the hero, and do not encounter Paul as a character until we embark on the post-Jesus narrative of Acts. Ako sme ju prečítať, stretávame štyri evanjelia, ktoré Ježiš je hrdinom, a nemali Paul ako znak, kým sme sa pustiť do post-Ježiš rozprávanie zákonov. Then we finally come into contact with Paul himself, in his letters. Potom sme sa konečne prísť do styku s Paulom sám, v jeho listoch. But this impression is misleading, for the earliest writings in the New Testament are actually Paul's letters, which were written about AD 50-60, while the Gospels were not written until the period AD 70-110. Tento dojem je však zavádzajúce, pre čo spisy v Novom zákone sú vlastne Paul listy, ktoré boli písané o AD 50-60, zatiaľ čo evanjelia nebola písomná, kým neuplynie lehota AD 70-110. This means that the theories of Paul were already before the writers of the Gospels and colored their interpretations of Jesus' activities. To znamená, že teória Paul boli už pred spisovateľov evanjelií a farebné ich interpretácia činnosti Ježiša '. Paul is, in a sense, present from the very first word of the New Testament. Paul je, v istom zmysle, dar od úplne prvé slovo v Novom zákone. This is of course, not the whole story, for the Gospels are based on traditions and even written sources which go back to a time before the impact of Paul, and these early traditions and sources are not entirely obliterated in the final version and give valuable indications of what the story was like before Paulinist editors pulled it into final shape. To je samozrejme nie je všetko, na evanjelia sú založené na tradíciách, a dokonca aj písomných prameňov, ktoré idú späť do doby pred dopadom Paul, a tieto skoré tradície a zdroje nie sú úplne zničili vo finálnej verzii a poskytnúť cenné náznaky toho, čo príbeh bol ako pred Paulinist editory vytiahol ju do konečného tvaru. However, the dominant outlook and shaping perspective of the Gospels is that of Paul, for the simple reason that it was the Paulinist view of what Jesus' sojourn on Earth had been about that was triumphant in the Church as it developed in history. Avšak dominantné výhľad a formovaní pohľadu evanjelií je to Paul, z toho jednoduchého dôvodu, že to bolo Paulinist pohľad na to, čo Ježiš 'pobyt na Zemi bolo asi to bolo triumfálne v cirkvi, ako sa vyvinul v histórii. Rival interpretations, which at one time had been orthodox, opposed to Paul's very individual views, now became heretical and were crowded out of the final version of the writings adopted by the Pauline Church as the inspired canon of the New Testament. Rival výklady, ktorý sa v jednom okamihu bol ortodoxný, na rozdiel od veľmi individuálne názory Pavla, teraz sa stal kacírske a boli vytlačení z konečnej verzie textov prijatých Pauline cirkev ako inšpiroval kánonu Nového zákona. ^{4 4}

There is no doubt that the influence of Paul is much more dominant than the influence of Jesus (P) himself in the New Testament. Nie je pochýb o tom, že vplyv Paul je oveľa dominantnejšie ako vplyv Ježiša (P) sa v Novom zákone. Scholars have known and recognized the influence Paul exerts over the New Testament, to the extent that Paul even declares that he has a different gospel than Jesus. Učenci sú známe a uznávané vplyv Paul pôsobí v Novom zákone, do tej miery, že Paul aj vyhlasuje, že on má iné evanjelium ako Ježiš. ^{5 5}

Dating for The Authorship of The New Testament Zoznamka pre autorstva Nový zákon

The popularly accepted dates for the authorship of the current books of the Bible are approximately as follows: Populárno prijal termíny pre autorstva súčasných kníh Biblie sú približne takto:

Approx. Cca. AD Event / Document AD Event / Dokument

30 Crucifixion (Ascension) of Jesus 30 Ukrižovanie (Ascension) Ježiša

50 First Epistle of Paul 50 Prvá Pavlova epištola

62 Last Epistle of Paul 62 Posledná Pavlova epištola

65-70 Mark's Gospel 65-70 Marka Evanjelium

70 Epistle to Hebrews (The Epistle to the Hebrews is not listed in the 6th century list of the manuscripts called Codex Claromon. This leads to the suspicion that it could have been written at a later date) 70 List Hebrejom (Epištola Židom nie je uvedený v 6. storočí zoznam rukopisov nazývanej Codex Claromon. To vedie k podozreniu, že by bolo napísané neskôr)

80 Luke's Gospel 80 Lukášovo evanjelium

85-90 Matthew's Gospel 85-90 Matthew je Gospel

90 Acts 90 Sk

90-100 John's Gospel and First Epistle 90-100 John evanjelium a Prvý list

95-100 Revelation 95-100 Zjavenia

100 I & II Timothy and Titus 100 I & II Timothy a Titus ^{6 6}

Uncertainty about James I & II, Peter, John and Jude does not allow historians to estimate their origin dates Neistota ohľadom James I & II, Peter, John a Judy neumožňuje, aby historici odhadnúť ich pôvod dát ^{7 7} . . Note that the Epistles are dated earlier than even the earliest gospel, “Mark”. Všimnite si, že listy sú datované pred rokom dokonca najskôr evanjelium, "Mark". Thus we begin to see the degree to which the current religion of “Christianity” is based more on the teachings and writings of Paul than anything else. Tak začneme vidieť, do akej miery súčasná náboženstvo "kresťanstvo", je založená skôr na učenie a spisy Paul ako čokoľvek iného. The gospels which are popularly believed to have been written first were in actuality written long after the writings of Paul. Evanjelia, ktoré sú populárne veril k boli zapísaní prvý bol v skutočnosti písaný dlho potom, čo spisy Paul. The more Christian scholars study the text of the Bible, the more it becomes painfully apparent that what is popularly referred to today as “Christianity” should more appropriately be called “St. Viac kresťanskí učenci študovať text z Biblie, tým viac sa stáva bolestne zrejmé, že to, čo je populárno odkazoval sa na dnes ako "kresťanstvo", by mal viac vhodne byť nazývaný "Svätý Paulism”. Paulis ".

Were The Epistles Attributed to Paul Really Authored By Him? Boli listy Pridelené Paul Skutočne autora Ho?

Even the attribution of authorship of the epistles to Paul himself is doubtful. Dokonca aj priznanie autorstva listy na Paul sám je pochybný. For example, let us take a look at the Epistle to the Hebrews. Napríklad, nechal nás sa pozrieť na list Židom. This Epistle, once attributed to Paul, is now generally accepted to have not been written by him. Tento list, kedysi prisudzovaná Paul, je teraz všeobecne prijímané, aby neboli napísané neho. We read that Čítame, že

The Letter to the Hebrews , at one time ascribed to Paul, is now generally accepted to be by some unknown Christian of the 1st century. List Hebrejom, naraz pripísal Paul, je teraz všeobecne prijímaný byť niektoré neznáme kresťanskej z 1. storočia. More like a sermon than a letter, it is one of the best and most carefully constructed compositions in the New Testament. Spíš ako kázeň, ako list, je to jedna z najlepších a najviac starostlivé prevedenie skladieb v Novom zákone. Addressed originally to Christians out of Jewish backgrounds, the book makes extensive use of Old Testament material to demonstrate that the ministry of Jesus Christ was the fulfillment of the Old Covenant. Určená pôvodne pre kresťanov z židovského prostredia, v knihe široko využíva starozákonných materiálu, aby preukázala, že ministerstvo Ježiš Kristus bol splnenie Starým Zákonom. ^{8 8}

The editors of the KJV, in their Introduction to the Epistle to the Hebrews , wrote that Redakcie KJV, na ich uvádzanie na epištoly Židom, napísal, že

The author of the Book of Hebrews is unknown. Autor knihy Židom je neznámy. Martin Luther suggested that Apollos was the author…Tertullian said that Hebrews was a letter of Barnabas…Adolf Harnack and J. Rendel Harris speculated that it was written by Priscilla (or Prisca). Martin Luther navrhol, že Apollo bol autor ... Tertullian povedal, že Židom bolo listom zo dňa Barnabáš ... Adolf Harnack a J. RENDELETE Harris špekuloval, že to bolo napísané Priscilla (alebo Priska). William Ramsey suggested that it was done by Philip. William Ramsey navrhol, že to bolo vykonané Philip. However, the traditional position is that the Apostle Paul wrote Hebrews…Eusebius believed that Paul wrote it, but Origen was not positive of Pauline authorship. Avšak, tradičný postoj je, že apoštol Pavol napísal Židom ... Eusébius veril, že Pavol napísal, ale Origen nebol pozitívny autorstva Pauline. ^{9 9}

Even the books of Acts was written to fulfill a certain purpose. Dokonca aj knihy Skutkov bol napísaný na splnenie určitého účelu. As Hyam Maccoby observes: Ako Hyam Maccoby uvádza:

As we have seen, the purposes of the book of Acts is to minimize the conflict between Paul and the leaders of the Ako sme videli, v zmysle knihy Skutkov je minimalizovať konflikt medzi Paulom a vodcov Jerusalem Jeruzalem Church, James and Peter. Cirkev, James a Peter. Peter and Paul, in later Christian tradition, became twin saints, brothers in faith, and the idea that they were historically bitter opponents standing for irreconcilable religious standpoints would have been repudiated with horror. Petra a Pavla, v neskoršej kresťanskej tradícii, sa stal Twin svätí bratia vo viere, a predstava, že boli historicky nezmieriteľní protivníci stojaci za nezmieriteľné náboženské stanoviská by bolo rozviazali s hrôzou. The work of the author of Acts was well done; he rescued Christianity from the imputation of being the individual creation of Paul, and instead gave it a respectable pedigree, as a doctrine with the authority of the so-called Jerusalem Church, conceived as continuous in spirit with the Pauline Gentile Church of Rome. Práca autora zákonov bola dobre vykonanej, on zachránil kresťanstvo od pripočítanie je individuálne tvorbu Paul, a namiesto toho dal slušný rodokmeň, ako doktrína s orgánom takzvaný Jeruzalem kostola, koncipované ako nepretržitý v duchu s Pauline pohan rímskou cirkvou. Yet, for all his efforts, the truth of the matter is not hard to recover, if we examine the New Testament evidence with an eye to tell-tale inconsistencies and confusions, rather than with the determination to gloss over and harmonize all difficulties in the interests of an orthodox interpretation. Napriek tomu, pre všetky jeho úsilie, je pravda, že vec je nie je ťažké získať, ak budeme skúmať v Novom zákone dôkazy s okom povedať-príbeh nezrovnalostí a zmätkov, skôr ako s odhodlaním zakryť a zjednotiť všetky ťažkosti záujmy ortodoxnej výklad. ^{10 10}

Conclusions Závery

We have seen that the Pauline Epistles were written before the gospels of the New Testament and therefore exerts an influence over the selection of the gospels of the New Testament in our hands today. Videli sme, že Pauline listy boli písané pred evanjelia Nového zákona, a preto má vplyv na výber z evanjelií Nového zákona v našich rukách ešte dnes. Jesus (P) himself had no idea of what Paul had done to his teachings and would have been amazed and shocked at the role assigned him by Paul as a suffering deity. Ježiš (P), sám nemal potuchy o tom, čo Pavel urobil, aby jeho učenie a bolo by ohromení a šokovala o úlohe ho Paul ako utrpenie božstvo. Moreover, not all the epistles attributed to Paul were really written by him, and some were even written to fulfill a certain purpose. Navyše, nie všetky listy pridelené Paul boli naozaj napísal jemu, a niektorí boli dokonca písomného na splnenie určitého účelu. It is this reason which makes the epistles unacceptable to be divinely 'inspired', as it is clear they are the product of men. Je to dôvod, ktorý robí listy neprijateľné, aby sa božsky 'inšpirovať', ako je zrejmé, že sú produktom mužov.

1. The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible , Supplementary Volume, p. Tlmočníka slovník Biblia, doplňujúce Objem, s. 137 [ 137 [ back späť ] ]
2. SGF Brandon, Religions in Ancient History , p. SGF Brandon, náboženstvo v dávnej histórii, s. 228 [ 228 [ back späť ] ]
3. Rev. Charles Anderson Scott, History of Rev Karel Anderson Scott, dejiny Christianity Kresťanstvo in the Light of Modern Knowledge , p. vo svetle moderných poznatkov, s. 338 [ 338 [ back späť ] ]
4. Hyam Maccoby, The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity , (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1986), p. Hyam Maccoby, Mythmaker: Paul a vynález kresťanstva, (Weidenfeld a NICOLSON, Londýn, 1986), s. 4 [ 4 [ back späť ] ]
5. cf. Romans 2:16 [ porov. Rimanom 2:16 [ back späť ] ]
6. The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible , Supplementary Volume [ Tlmočníka slovník Biblia, doplňujúce Objem [ back späť ] ]
7. Irene Allen, The Early Church And The New Testament , 1953 [ Irene Allen, ranej cirkvi a Nový zákon, 1953 [ back späť ] ]
8. Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia , copyright — 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. [ Excerpovaný od Interaktívna encyklopédia Comptonov, copyright - 1994, 1995 je NewMedia Compton, Inc [ back späť ] ]
9. KJV, New Revised and Updated 6th, the Hebrew/Greek Key Study, Red Letter Edition [ KJV, New revidovať a aktualizovať 6., hebrejské / grécke Key štúdie, Red Edition [Letter back späť ] ]
10. Hyam Maccoby, op. Hyam Maccoby, op. cit. , p. cit., s. 139 [ 139 [ back späť ] ]