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Christians believe that基督徒相信， Paul of Tarsus保罗塔尔苏斯 is the “Apostle” of Jesus (P), whom he met in a vision on his journey to Damascus.是“使徒”耶稣（P）的，就是他会见了他的旅程中一个远景，大马士革。 Paul is also claimed to be the author of the Epistles to the Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon and Hebrews.保罗也声称是作者的书信向罗马人，1和2哥林多前书，加拉太书，以弗所书，腓，歌罗西书，1和2撒罗尼迦，1和2提摩太，提多书，腓利门书和希伯来人。 It is therefore strange that this self-confessed 'Apostle' of Jesus Christ fails to pay more attention to the words of Jesus (P) himself in his epistles:因此，奇怪的是，这种自我供认'耶稣基督的使徒'不支付他的书信中更注意耶稣（规划）自己的话说：

All the evidence indicates that the words of Jesus were authoritative in the Church from the first, and this makes it the more remarkable that such scanty attention is paid to the words or works of Jesus in the earliest Christian writings, Paul's letters, the later Epistles, Hebrews, Revelation, and even Acts have little to report about them….Papias (ca. AD 130), the first person to actually name a written gospel, illustrates the point.所有证据表明，耶稣的话是在教会权威的第一次，这使得它更令人瞩目的是这样微薄的注意支付的最早的基督教著作的词或耶稣的作品了，保罗的信件，后来的书信，希伯来书，启示，甚至行为对他们没有什么可以报告...。帕皮亚（约公元130），实际上的第一人姓名的书面福音，说明了这一点。 Even though he defends Mark's gospel (Euseb. Hist. III.xxxix.15-16), and had himself appended a collection of Jesus tradition to his “Interpretation of the Oracles of the Lord” (Euseb. Hist. III.xxxix.2-3), his own clear preference was for the oral tradition concerning Jesus, and the glimpses that Eusebius provides of Papias' Jesus tradition give no hint of his dependence on Mark.虽然他维护马克的福音（Euseb.组织胺。III.xxxix.15 - 16），并附加了自己的传统收集耶稣对他的“主解读的神谕”（Euseb.历史。III.xxxix.2 -3），他自己明确的倾向性有关耶稣的口头传统，以及让人发现尤西比乌斯的帕皮亚耶稣传统，提供给没有暗示他对马克的依赖。 Neither do the more frequent citations of Jesus in the apostolic fathers, largely “synoptic” in character, show much dependence on our written gospels.也没有在耶稣的使徒父亲更频繁引用，主要是“天气”的性格，展示我们的书面福音很大的依赖性。 ^{1 一}

To what extent has the Pauline letters shaped the selection of the gospels of the New Testament as canon today?在何种程度上塑造了具有保利娜佳能的新约的福音书选择今日信吗？ This article would examine the evidence and present its conclusions on the matter, insha'allah.本文将研究证据和提出关于此事的结论，insha'allah。

The Pauline Epistles and Their Influence Over the Selection of Gospels 宝莲书信及其影响在福音的选择

It is acknowledged that the current gospels of the New Testament, which contain the words of Jesus, were written after the Pauline epistles . 这是承认，目前的福音宝莲，书信的新约包含，哪些词后的耶稣，被写入 。 This statement is confirmed by Prof. Brandon, when he informs us that这项声明也证实了布兰登教授时，他告诉我们，

The earliest Christian writings that have been preserved for us are the letters of the apostle Paul.那些对我们保存最早的基督教著作是使徒保罗的信件。 ^{2 2}

All but the gospels acceptable to the Pauline faith were systematically destroyed or re-written.但所有接受福音信仰进行了系统的保利娜销毁或重新编写的。 In fact, the gospels were not even in existence prior to the Pauline writings.事实上，福音，甚至存在不前，宝莲著作。 Rev. Charles Anderson Scott tells us that查尔斯斯科特安德森牧师告诉我们，

It is highly probable that not one of the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) was in existence in the form which we have it, prior to the death of Paul.它很可能不是天气福音（马太，马克，路加）1存在于我们的形式是，之前的保罗死亡。 And were the documents to be taken in strict order of chronology, the Pauline Epistles would come before the synoptic Gospels.并且是在将要采取严格的年代顺序文件中，将先于宝莲，书信的天气福音。 ^{3 3}

Hyam Maccoby makes an interesting observation regarding the influence of Paul as follows:海厄姆麦科比让一个有趣的观察关于保罗的影响如下：

We should remember that the New Testament, as we have it, is much more dominated by Paul than appears at first sight.我们应该记住，新约，因为我们拥有它，更是由保罗为主乍一看似乎比。 As we read it, we come across the Four Gospels, of which Jesus is the hero, and do not encounter Paul as a character until we embark on the post-Jesus narrative of Acts.当我们读它，我们遇到了4个福音，其中耶稣是英雄，没有遇到一个字符保罗直到我们走上行为后耶稣叙述。 Then we finally come into contact with Paul himself, in his letters.然后，我们终于把他与保罗的接触，在他的信。 But this impression is misleading, for the earliest writings in the New Testament are actually Paul's letters, which were written about AD 50-60, while the Gospels were not written until the period AD 70-110.但是，这种印象是误导在新约圣经最早的著作，实际上是保罗的信件，其中约公元50-60写的，而不是书面的福音，直到公元70-110年期间。 This means that the theories of Paul were already before the writers of the Gospels and colored their interpretations of Jesus' activities.这意味着，保罗的理论已经在之前的作家和彩色福音的耶稣的活动的解释。 Paul is, in a sense, present from the very first word of the New Testament.保罗是，在某种意义上说，从第一个字新约出席。 This is of course, not the whole story, for the Gospels are based on traditions and even written sources which go back to a time before the impact of Paul, and these early traditions and sources are not entirely obliterated in the final version and give valuable indications of what the story was like before Paulinist editors pulled it into final shape.这当然不是故事的全部，因为福音是根据传统，甚至书面来源，去之前，保罗的影响回一时间，这些早期的传统和来源并不完全抹杀了最后的版本，提供宝贵的迹象表明什么故事像以前Paulinist编辑拉到最后形成它。 However, the dominant outlook and shaping perspective of the Gospels is that of Paul, for the simple reason that it was the Paulinist view of what Jesus' sojourn on Earth had been about that was triumphant in the Church as it developed in history.然而，占主导地位观，塑造了福音的角度来看是保罗说，原因很简单，这是什么耶稣在地球上逗留了大约这是在教会的胜利，因为它在历史的发展已经Paulinist看法。 Rival interpretations, which at one time had been orthodox, opposed to Paul's very individual views, now became heretical and were crowded out of the final version of the writings adopted by the Pauline Church as the inspired canon of the New Testament.竞争对手的解释，这一次被正统，反对保罗的非常个人意见，现在成了邪教，被挤出了由保罗教堂采用了佳能新约圣经的启发的著作最终版本。 ^{4 4}

There is no doubt that the influence of Paul is much more dominant than the influence of Jesus (P) himself in the New Testament.毫无疑问，保罗的影响力远远超过了耶稣（规划）本人在新约中的影响占主导地位。 Scholars have known and recognized the influence Paul exerts over the New Testament, to the extent that Paul even declares that he has a different gospel than Jesus.学者们公认的已知和施加的影响保罗在新约中，保罗的范围内，甚至宣称他有一个比耶稣不同的福音。 ^{5 5}

Dating for The Authorship of The New Testament 约会的著作权新旧约

The popularly accepted dates for the authorship of the current books of the Bible are approximately as follows:为圣经的书籍的作者目前普遍接受的日期大约如下：

Approx. 约。 AD Event / Document 公元事件/资料

30 Crucifixion (Ascension) of Jesus 30受难（升天）耶稣

50 First Epistle of Paul保罗的书信50首

62 Last Epistle of Paul 62保罗的最后书信

65-70 Mark's Gospel 65-70马克的福音

70 Epistle to Hebrews (The Epistle to the Hebrews is not listed in the 6th century list of the manuscripts called Codex Claromon. This leads to the suspicion that it could have been written at a later date) 70书信向希伯来（希伯来人的书信中未列出的所谓食品Claromon手稿6世纪名单。这导致了它本来可以在稍后的日期书面怀疑）

80 Luke's Gospel 80路加的福音

85-90 Matthew's Gospel 85-90马太的福音

90 Acts 90行为

90-100 John's Gospel and First Epistle 90-100约翰福音和第一书信

95-100 Revelation 95-100启示

100 I & II Timothy and Titus 100 I及II提摩太和提多 ^{6 6}

Uncertainty about James I & II, Peter, John and Jude does not allow historians to estimate their origin dates关于James I及II的不确定性，彼得，约翰和裘德不允许历史学家估计其起源日期 ^{7 7} . 。 Note that the Epistles are dated earlier than even the earliest gospel, “Mark”.请注意书信的日期甚至早于最早的福音，“马克”。 Thus we begin to see the degree to which the current religion of “Christianity” is based more on the teachings and writings of Paul than anything else.因此，我们开始看到的程度，而目前的宗教的“基督教”是根据教义和保罗的著作比什么都重要。 The gospels which are popularly believed to have been written first were in actuality written long after the writings of Paul.福音书是普遍认为已被写入了第一次以书面现状后不久保罗的著作。 The more Christian scholars study the text of the Bible, the more it becomes painfully apparent that what is popularly referred to today as “Christianity” should more appropriately be called “St.越基督教学者研究圣经的文本，它变得更加痛苦显而易见，今天是俗称为“基督教”应更恰当地称为“圣 Paulism”. Paulism“。

Were The Epistles Attributed to Paul Really Authored By Him? 人的书信得益于他撰写人保罗真的？

Even the attribution of authorship of the epistles to Paul himself is doubtful.即使是在书信的作者归于保罗自己也成疑问。 For example, let us take a look at the Epistle to the Hebrews.例如，让我们来看看在书信的希伯来人。 This Epistle, once attributed to Paul, is now generally accepted to have not been written by him.这书信，一旦归功于保罗，现在人们普遍接受，并没有被他写的。 We read that我们读到，

The Letter to the Hebrews , at one time ascribed to Paul, is now generally accepted to be by some unknown Christian of the 1st century. 希伯来人的信保 ，归因于在同一时间，现在普遍接受的是一些不知名1世纪基督教的。 More like a sermon than a letter, it is one of the best and most carefully constructed compositions in the New Testament.更像一个比一个字母说教，它是在新约中的最佳和最精心的作品之一。 Addressed originally to Christians out of Jewish backgrounds, the book makes extensive use of Old Testament material to demonstrate that the ministry of Jesus Christ was the fulfillment of the Old Covenant.原本出于解决的犹太背景的基督徒，这本书使旧约材料的广泛使用，证明耶稣基督的事工是老公约的履行。 ^{8 8}

The editors of the KJV, in their Introduction to the Epistle to the Hebrews , wrote that在新译编辑的，在他们的介绍书信向希伯来人 ，写道，

The author of the Book of Hebrews is unknown.作者：希伯来书的作者是未知的。 Martin Luther suggested that Apollos was the author…Tertullian said that Hebrews was a letter of Barnabas…Adolf Harnack and J. Rendel Harris speculated that it was written by Priscilla (or Prisca).马丁路德认为阿波罗是作者...良说，希伯来人是一个巴拿巴...阿道夫哈纳克和J.伦德尔哈里斯信推测，它是由梁美芬（或普里斯卡马书面）。 William Ramsey suggested that it was done by Philip.威廉拉姆齐认为，它是由菲利普完成。 However, the traditional position is that the Apostle Paul wrote Hebrews…Eusebius believed that Paul wrote it, but Origen was not positive of Pauline authorship.然而，传统的立场是，使徒保罗说希伯来...尤西比乌斯认为保罗写的，但奥利并不宝莲著作权阳性。 ^{9 9}

Even the books of Acts was written to fulfill a certain purpose.即使在书里写的行为，履行一定的目的。 As Hyam Maccoby observes:由于海厄姆麦科比指出：

As we have seen, the purposes of the book of Acts is to minimize the conflict between Paul and the leaders of the正如我们所看到的，书的行为的目的是尽量减少和保罗之间的冲突的领导人 Jerusalem耶路撒冷 Church, James and Peter.教会，詹姆斯和彼得。 Peter and Paul, in later Christian tradition, became twin saints, brothers in faith, and the idea that they were historically bitter opponents standing for irreconcilable religious standpoints would have been repudiated with horror.彼得和保罗在后来的基督教传统，成为双圣人，在信仰的兄弟，和他们的想法，对不可调和的历史惨痛的对手站在宗教的立场会被恐怖否定。 The work of the author of Acts was well done; he rescued Christianity from the imputation of being the individual creation of Paul, and instead gave it a respectable pedigree, as a doctrine with the authority of the so-called Jerusalem Church, conceived as continuous in spirit with the Pauline Gentile Church of Rome.在对法案提交工作完成得十分出色，他救出被保罗的个人创作归责基督教，而是把它作为一个体面的家系与所谓的耶路撒冷教会的权威，不断构思，原则，在与宝莲詹蒂莱罗马教会的精神。 Yet, for all his efforts, the truth of the matter is not hard to recover, if we examine the New Testament evidence with an eye to tell-tale inconsistencies and confusions, rather than with the determination to gloss over and harmonize all difficulties in the interests of an orthodox interpretation.然而，他的所有努力，但事情的真相是不是很难恢复，如果我们用眼睛审视新约的证据告诉般的不一致和混乱，而不是掩饰的决心和统一的各种困难利益的正统解释。 ^{10 10}

Conclusions 结论

We have seen that the Pauline Epistles were written before the gospels of the New Testament and therefore exerts an influence over the selection of the gospels of the New Testament in our hands today.我们已经看到，宝莲，书信写在新约中的福音，因此在对施加在我们手中新约福音书的选择今天的影响力。 Jesus (P) himself had no idea of what Paul had done to his teachings and would have been amazed and shocked at the role assigned him by Paul as a suffering deity.耶稣（规划）本人并没有什么保罗做了他的教诲的想法，并会感到惊讶，并已在指定的保罗为他的痛苦神的角色感到震惊。 Moreover, not all the epistles attributed to Paul were really written by him, and some were even written to fulfill a certain purpose.此外，并非所有的书信归功于保罗真的是他写的，有些甚至写入实现某一目的。 It is this reason which makes the epistles unacceptable to be divinely 'inspired', as it is clear they are the product of men.正是这个原因使得书信不能接受的是神'灵感'，因为它是明确表示，他们是男子的产品。

1. The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible , Supplementary Volume, p. 翻译的圣经辞典 ，补充卷，第 137 [ 137 [ back背面 ] ]
2. SGF Brandon, Religions in Ancient History , p.的SGF布兰登， 古代宗教史页， 228 [ 228 [ back背面 ] ]
3. Rev. Charles Anderson Scott, History of牧师查尔斯斯科特安德森， 历史 Christianity 基督教 in the Light of Modern Knowledge , p.在山口光现代知识， 338 [ 338 [ back背面 ] ]
4. Hyam Maccoby, The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity , (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1986), p.海厄姆麦科比， 该Mythmaker：保罗和基督教的发明 ，（韦登菲尔德和尼科尔森，伦敦，1986年），第 4 [ 4 [ back背面 ] ]
5. cf. Romans 2:16 [ 比照。罗马书2:16 [ back背面 ] ]
6. The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible , Supplementary Volume [ 翻译的圣经辞典的 ，补充量[ back背面 ] ]
7. Irene Allen, The Early Church And The New Testament , 1953 [艾琳艾伦， 早期的教堂和新约 ，1953 [ back背面 ] ]
8. Excerpted from Compton's Interactive Encyclopedia , copyright — 1994, 1995 Compton's NewMedia, Inc. [摘自康普顿的互动百科 ，版权- 1994年，1995年康普顿的NewMedia公司[ back背面 ] ]
9. KJV, New Revised and Updated 6th, the Hebrew/Greek Key Study, Red Letter Edition [ 新译，新修订和更新 6日，[希伯来文/希腊文主要研究，红字版 back背面 ] ]
10. Hyam Maccoby, op.海厄姆麦科比， 同前。 cit. , p. 同前。山口 139 [ 139 [ back背面 ] ]