Dr. JosephG 博士josephg
A Study of the Hebrew Tanakh (Old Testament) 研究希伯来塔纳赫（旧约）
Below is a reproduction of a posting from Dr. 下面是一个复制张贴博士 JosephG , a retired physicist and practising Jew residing in America, explaining why Jesus' death on the cross could not have been a valid sacrifice from the Jewish point of view. josephg 一位退休物理学家和执业犹太人居住在美国，解释为什么耶稣的死对两岸问题不能得到有效的牺牲，从犹太人的观点。 Dr. JosephG is not associated with 博士josephg并不是合并 bismikaallahuma.org bismikaallahuma.org
Here is a partial list of reasons for why the death of Jesus on the cross couldn't possibly have served as a valid sacrifice - any one of these would render a sacrifice as unacceptable for the purpose of expiation of sins.这里是一个偏名单中的原因，为什么死耶稣对两岸不可能充当有效牺牲-任何其中会使牺牲不可接受为救赎的罪孽。
GIVEN that, at the time of Jesus?由于，当时耶稣？ death, the Second Temple was still standing in Jerusalem and the Hebrew Bible was the Scripture in force, here are some of the reasons why the death of Jesus on the cross cannot be a valid sacrificial offering:死，二庙仍站在耶路撒冷希伯来圣经典生效后，这里的一些原因死亡的耶稣对两岸问题，不能有效提供祭祀：
FIRST, the Hebrew Bible requires that the sacrificial ritual be administered by a Priest (see Leviticus Chapters 1-7) ?首先，希伯来圣经中规定，祭祀仪式将经管的一个牧师（见利未记1-7章） ？ according to the accounts in the New Testament, Jesus was crucified by Roman soldiers (Mt 27:35; Mk 15:24; Lk 23:33; Jn 19:18, 23).据该账户，在新约全书，耶稣被钉十字架的罗马士兵（ 27:35吨; 15:24旺角;白斑23时33分;若望19:18 ， 23 ） 。
SECOND, the Hebrew Bible requires that the blood of the (sin) sacrifice had to be sprinkled by the Priest on the veil of the sanctuary and on the altar in the Temple (e.g., Lev 4:5-6) ?第二，希伯来圣经中规定血（单） ，牺牲了被撒满由神父对面纱的避难所和祭坛，在庙（例如列弗4:5-6 ） ？ there is no evidence in the New Testament that this was done.目前并无证据显示，在新的遗嘱，这是做了。
THIRD, the Hebrew Bible requires that the (sin) sacrifice be without any physical defects or blemishes (e.g., Lev 4:3) ?第三，希伯来圣经要求（单）的牺牲，无任何生理缺陷或瑕疵（例如， 10.5 4:3 ） ？ according to the accounts in the New Testament, Jesus was beaten, whipped, and dragged on the ground before being crucified (Mt 26:67, 27:26, 30-31; Mk 14:65, 15:15-20; Lk 22:63; Jn 18:22, 19:1, 3).据该账户，在新约全书，耶稣被殴打，鞭打，就拖在地上，然后被钉十字架（吨26:67 ， 27:26 ， 30-31 ;旺角14:65 ， 15:15-20 ;白斑22 ： 63 ;若望18:22 ， 19:1 ， 3 ） 。 Moreover, as a Jew by birth, Jesus was circumcised on the eighth day after being born, a ritual that leaves a scar (?sign of the covenant?).此外，作为一个犹太人出生，耶稣对包皮第八天后出生，礼仪，留下了疤痕（ ？签署该公约？ ） 。 According to the NT, circumcision is tantamount to mutilation (Phil 3:2, Gal 5:12).据新台币，割礼等于切割（菲尔3:2 ，乳糖5时12分） 。
FOURTH, the Hebrew Bible requires that the Passover (sin) sacrifice, a male-goat, be offered on an individual (per household) basis (Num 28:22), not as a communal offering ?第四，希伯来圣经规定，逾越节（单）的牺牲，是一个男性山羊，可提供个人（每户）基础（ num 28:22 ） ，而不是作为一个提供公用？ according to the New Testament, Jesus?根据新约全书，耶稣？ death (termed a ?sin sacrifice?) expiated the sins of mankind (Ro 6:10; He 9:12, 10:10, 10:18).死亡（称为？单牺牲？ ） expiated罪过人类（反渗透6时10分;他9时12分， 10:10 ， 10:18 ） 。
FIFTH, the Hebrew Bible directs that the Paschal Lamb wasn?t to be offered for the removal of sins - it was a commemorative/festive offering (see also under ?Fourth? above and ?Sixth? below).第五，希伯来圣经指示，逾越wasn羔羊？ t要提供清除罪孽-它是一个纪念/节日募股（参见下？第四？上面？第六？下文） 。 A more appropriate time for a sin offering would have been on Yom Kippur (the Day of Atonement; Num 29:11 [individual sin-offering ? male goat]; Lev 16:15 [communal sin-offering ? male goat]).一个更合适的时间为单提供本来就赎罪（当日赎罪; num看透[单个人犯罪？雄性山羊〕 ;列弗16:15 [公用单-提供？雄性山羊] ） 。
SIXTH, the Hebrew Bible requires that the sacrificed Paschal Lamb had to be roasted and eaten, and it?s blood used to place markings on the side-posts and lintel of the doors (Exod 12:7-8) ?第六，希伯来圣经规定，逾越牺牲羔羊已被烤和吃，它？ ■用血地标记侧职位和加固的大门（ exod 12:7-8 ） ？ there is no record in the New Testament that this was, in fact, done (lest it be suggested that Christianity promotes cannibalism).没有任何记录，在新约全书这个问题，其实做（以免它被认为基督教提倡吃） 。
SEVENTH, the Hebrew Bible states that the sacrificial sin offering could only atone for unintentional sins, with few notable exceptions as stated in Lev 5:1-6, 20-26 [Lev 6:1-7 in Christian Bibles] (e.g., Num 15:27-31).第七，希伯来圣经国牺牲提供单只能赎罪无心过错，除少数例外，正如列夫在5:1-6 ， 20-26 [列弗6:1-7基督教圣经] （四川。 ， num 15:27-31 ） 。
EIGHTH, the Hebrew Bible teaches that sacrifices can atone only for sins committed prior to the offering of the sacrifice; no sacrifice could ever atone for sins committed after the sacrifice was offered and, thus, no sacrifice could ever atone for people born after the sacrifice was offered (e.g., Leviticus 1-7).第八，希伯来圣经教导，可以牺牲赎罪只犯下罪孽之前发行的牺牲;任何牺牲所能弥补所犯过错后牺牲优惠，因此，任何牺牲都可以赎罪，为以后出生的人牺牲提供（例如，利未记1-7 ） 。 So, even if it were true that Jesus was some kind of super-sacrifice that atoned for all sins of all mankind, then his death could only atone for the sins committed before his death, not for any sins committed after his death by people who were born after he died.所以，即使是真耶稣被某种超牺牲，弥补一切过错全人类的，那么他的死只能弥补过错犯前去世，没有任何过错犯死后的人出生后他的死亡。
NINTH, the Hebrew Bible strictly forbids (human) vicarious atonement (e.g., Exod 32:31-33; Num 35:33; Deut 24:16; II Kgs 14:6; Jer 31:29 [30 in Christian Bibles]; Ezek 18:4,20; Ps 49:7).第九，希伯来圣经中严格禁止（人力资源）替代赎罪（例如， exod 32:31-33 ; num 35:33 ; deut 24:16 ;二公斤福音;张哲31:29 [ 30基督教圣经〕 ; ezek 18:4,20 ;聚苯乙烯49:7 ） 。
TENTH, the Hebrew Bible strictly prohibits human sacrifices (e.g., Lev 18:21, 24-25; Deut 18:10; Jer 7:31, 19:5; Ezek 23:37,39).第十，希伯来圣经中严格禁止人类牺牲（例如， 18时21列弗， 24-25 ; deut 18:10 ;张哲7时31分， 19:5 ; ezek 23:37,39 ） 。
It is simply astonishing that so many people believe what their preachers "feed" them, as well as how the New Testament writings contradict the teachings of the Hebrew Bible.简直是惊人，所以很多人相信他们宣扬的"饲料" ，以及如何在新约全书著作违背教义希伯来圣经。
shery 兰 said on说 20 October 2006 2006年10月20日 : ：
A biblical sacrifice requires that their be no cuts or bruises on the animal that is being sacrificed. 圣经需要牺牲自己的任何削减或瘀伤，对动物是被牺牲。 Jesus according to the bible its self was beaten badly before he was crucified. 耶稣根据圣经自身被毒打，然后被钉十字架。
david misango 大卫misango said on说 12 March 2007 2007年3月12日 : ：
It seems surprising that the people/nation through whom Jesus came (Jews) should “find” most objections to his vicarious sacrifice on the cross.Indeed, the “stone that the buildres rejected has become the corner stone”, even by their own submission - millions have been “misled” into beleiving this lie. 看来奇怪的人/全国人来到耶稣（犹太人 ） 应该"寻找"最反对他的替代牺牲cross.indeed了， "石头说buildres拒绝成了角石" ，甚至用自己的意见书-数百万人被"误导" ，以为这个谎言。
Why, should a Jew accept vicarious sacrifise from animals and reject Christianity as a teaching?Is it not obvious that the old testament sacrifices were a shadow of the real sacrifice to come in Christ’s atoning death?为什么要一个犹太人接受替代sacrifise从动物和拒绝基督教作为教学？这不是明显旧约牺牲了阴影真正牺牲来，在基督的赎罪死？ Why would a Holy God ask Abraham to sacrifise his own son- as a test- if that was so wrong (according to the writer of the article)?为什么神圣的上帝要求亚伯拉罕sacrifise给自己的儿子-作为一个测试，如果是这样错（根据作者的文章） ？
Yom kippur verses peshach; atonement verses the pass-over of the angel-of-death.A lamb died for the people of Moses to be freed from the angel-of-death’s sting, during the time of Pharaoh in Egypt.What is so wrong with Christians applying this to mean Jesus’ dying so that we may have eternal life?赎罪peshach诗句;赎罪诗句及格以上的天使- death.a羔羊死亡，为人民摩西，以摆脱天使-死亡的刺，在当时老王在egypt.what如此错基督徒运用这一指耶稣的死，使我们可以得永生？ Did the Yom Kippur goat (scape goat) suffer death?没有赎罪山羊（山羊薹）遭受死刑？
Jason said on 贾森说， 7 July 2007 2007年7月7日 : ：
Anytime that the Bible is read in a wooden literal sense, you will find these kinds of problems. 随时认为是圣经阅读木制字面上，你会发现这类问题。 What kind of God is God? 什么样的上帝是上帝吗？ He is 100% holy, perfect, and without fault. 他是百分之百神圣，完美的，无过错。 How can humans (who fell due to sin) ever even come close to being on par with God and restoring communion with Him with what we have available to us? 怎能人（下跌由于单） ，即使不断接近正符合上帝和恢复共融与他什么，我们都提供给我们？ What God stipulated is a long series of regulations and requirements in order to *only rollback sin for one year!* 上帝所规定的是一个长期的一系列规定和要求，以*只有退单一年！ *
The Old Testament Law is God’s way of saying to the Jews, “You want to be my people?旧约法，是上帝的方式，说给犹太人， "你想我吗？ Then here’s what I demand.” The Law clearly demonstrated to everyone that there’s no way we can do this on our own.那么这里就是我的需求。 "该法明确表明大家有没有办法做到这一点对我们自己的事。 That’s why a perfect, sinless sacrifice was sent by God on our behalf.这就是为什么一个完美的，无罪的牺牲，被送往神就代表我们。
The Law was fulfilled in every way by Christ’s life and death.法律落实到每个地由基督的生命和死亡。 One reason God forbid human sacrifice is because He knew that human nature was to kill for our own benefit (are you radical Muslims reading this?) Jews would be killing their own offspring if they thought it would please God (much like Islamic suicide bombers strapping pipe bombs to their six-year old daughters and sending them towards the American soldiers by the corner).原因之一但愿人类牺牲是因为他知道人性是杀人，为自己的利益（你是激进穆斯林阅读本？ ）犹太人将杀死自己的后代，如果他们认为这会请神（很像伊斯兰自杀炸弹贴剂钢管炸弹，他们6岁的女儿，派他们对美国大兵所角落） 。
That brings me to my final thought: Instead of critiquing another religion’s “apparent contradictions”, perhaps you should address your own religion’s hatemongering.这使我想到我最后想到：不是评析另一种宗教的"明显矛盾" ，也许你要解决你自己宗教的仇恨。 Muhammad started out fine and respected the “People of the Book” but ended his life wallowing in blood.穆罕默德开始进行罚款和尊重"人"一书，但他结束生命仅在血液。 Quite a stark contrast to how Christ ended his life.相当鲜明对比基督如何结束他的生命。 Which side adds up when you stand back and look at the two “principal figures” objectively?哪边加起来当你站回来看看两个"主要数据公报"客观？ Muhammad attacked caravans, slaughtered entire tribes, and killed those that were critical of him while Christ preached “turn the other cheek,” “Oh Jeruslam…how often I wanted to gather you under my wing like a hen gathers her chicks, but you were not willing,” and “Blessed are the peacemakers.” The most violence Christ ever committed was overturning the moneychangers’ tables in the Temple.穆罕默德攻击面包车，屠宰整个部落，并杀害那些被批判，而他鼓吹基督" ，把其他面颊" ， "噢… jeruslam多久，我想收集下，你我永像母鸡聚集小鸡她，但你不愿意" ， "有福的和平缔造者。 "最暴力基督致力于不断被推翻钱'表中庙。 He certainly never asked Peter to go assassinate someone who was jeering at Him from afar — unlike your Prophet.他当然不会问彼得去刺杀人，是在嘲笑他自远方-不像你的先知。
In the end, once again, it is Islam with more answering to do.在年底前，再次是与伊斯兰教回答更要做。