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In Mark 7:2-4, we read the following passage:在马克7:2-4，我们读到了下面一段话：

Mark 7:2-4 马克7:2-4

2 And when they saw some of his disciples eat bread with defiled, that is to say, with unwashen, hands, they found fault. 2当他们看到自己的弟子有些吃面包污损，即与unwashen，手，他们发现故障。

3 For the Pharisees, and all the Jews, except they wash their hands oft, eat not, holding the tradition of the elders.对于法利3，所有的犹太人，但他们经常洗手，吃不，举行传统的长老。

4 And when they come from the market, except they wash, they eat not. 4当他们从市场来，除非他们洗，他们不吃饭。 And many other things there be, which they have received to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots, brasen vessels, and of tables.和许多其他的东西有多少，他们已收到持有，作为洗杯，壶，brasen船只和表。

There is a problem with this passage, however: the ritual washing of hands was obligatory only on the priests!有一个与此通道问题，但是：仪式洗手，仅是强制性的祭司！ This is attested to by Nineham when he says that这是由宁哈姆证明时，他说，

…the evidence of the Talmud is that in the time of ...该塔木德的证据是，在时间 Jesus耶稣 ritual washing of hands before meals was obligatory only on the priests.仪式饭前洗手，仅是强制性的祭司。 ^{1 一}

So clearly we have Mark confused with the “…Jewish practise of his own time with the Palestinian practise of forty years ago.”因此，我们显然混淆了马克与他的实践与巴勒斯坦40年前的自己的时间“...犹太人的做法。” ^{2 2}

It is hence because of this historical error by Mark which is why many scholars of the New Testament concluded that Mark was probably not Jewish.正是由于这一历史的错误，是马克因此为什么新约许多学者认为，马克可能不是犹太人。 This is echoed by McDonald and Porter, who says这是由麦当劳和波特呼应，说谁

Essentially, the arguments against John Mark, a Jewish resident of从本质上讲，对约翰马克，一个犹太居民的论据 Jerusalem耶路撒冷 and later the companion of Paul and also of Peter, writing this Gospel are that he does not appear to be familiar…with Jewish customs, overgeneralizes about the Jews (7:3-4), from whom he seems to distance himself…以及后来的同伴保罗和彼得也是，写这福音是，他似乎不熟悉犹太习俗...，overgeneralizes对犹太人（7:3-4），从人，他似乎距离自己... ^{3 3}

Bart Ehrman, the renowned New Testament scholar and textual critic, further elaborates on the matter by stating that巴特埃尔曼，著名新约学者和评论家的文本，就此事作进一步阐述，说明该

…in 7:3-4, where Mark has to explain the Pharisaic custom of washing hands before eating for ceremonial cleansing. ...在7:3-4，其中马克解释为庆典前清洗双手清洁pharisaic的饮食习惯。 Presumably, if his audience were Jewish, they would have known this custom, and Mark would not have to explain it.据推测，如果他的听众是犹太人，他们会知道这个习俗，马克就不必解释。 What is even more intriguing is that fact that Mark appears to misunderstand the practise: he claims that it was followed by “all the Jews.” We know from ancient Jewish writings that this is simply not true.什么是更耐人寻味的是，事实上，马克似乎误解的做法：他声称，它是由“所有的犹太人之后。”我们从古老的犹太著作中知道，这是不正确的。 For this reason, many scholars have concluded that Mark himself was not Jewish.基于这个原因，许多学者都认为，马克本人不是犹太人。 ^{4 4}

So the question remains, if the author was a native of Palestine and a Jew, then how was he so ignorant of the Jewish customs and made such a fundamental error regarding a practice that was only limited to the Jewish priests?因此，问题仍然存在，如果作者是一个犹太人和巴勒斯坦人，那么他是如何使犹太习俗的无知，作出这样的基本错误就只是一个有限的犹太祭司的做法呢？

And only God knows best!而且，只有上帝知道最好的！

1. Dennis E. Nineham, Saint Mark (Penguin, 1963), p.丹尼斯大肠杆菌宁哈姆， 圣马可 （企鹅，1963年），第 193 [ 193 [ back背面 ] ]
2. Randel Helms, Who Wrote The Gospels? (Millenium Press), p.兰德尔赫尔姆斯， 是谁写的福音？（千年出版社），第 10 [ 10 [ back背面 ] ]
3. Lee Martin Mc Donald and Stanley E. Porter, Early李马丁麦克唐纳和斯坦利波特， 早期 Christianity 基督教 and its Sacred Literature (Nov 2000, Hendrickson Publishers, Inc.), p.其神圣的文学（2000年11月，亨德里克森出版社，公司），第 286 [ 286 [ back背面 ] ]
4. Bart D. Ehrman, The New Testament.巴特四陆国际律师事务所，新约。 A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings (2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 的历史简介早期基督教的著作 （第二版，牛津大学出版社，2000年），第 74 [ 74 [ back背面 ] ]