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An amusing little polemic regarding a一個有趣的爭論就一小 hadith聖訓 that is recorded in Sahih al-Bukhari has recently surfaced and is being circulated by some apostates from這是記錄的詞句基地布哈里最近浮出水面，並正在分發給一些變節者從 Islam伊斯蘭教 . 。 Naturally, the Christian missionaries too had decided to jump on the bandwagon of smearing Islam through a misinterpretation of this hadith as well.當然，基督教傳教士也已決定跳的花車詆毀伊斯蘭教的誤解，通過一本聖訓為好。 The hadith is recorded as follows:聖訓記載如下：

Volume 5, Book 58, Number 188:第5卷，圖書 58，編號 188：

Narrated 'Amru bin Maimun: “During the pre-lslamic period of ignorance I saw a she-monkey surrounded by a number of monkeys.敘述'阿姆魯本梅蒙：“在會前伊斯蘭教時期的無知我看到她猴四周數猴子。 They were all stoning it, because it had committed illegal sexual intercourse.他們都是用石頭砸死它，因為它犯了非法性交。 I too, stoned it along with them.”我也用石頭打它隨著他們。“

The basic premise of their “charge” is that the Prophet(P) had ordered the stoning of a she-monkey, and that lapidation for zina (fornication) is extended to animals as well.他們的基本前提“充電”的是，先知（規劃）已下令用石頭砸死了她，猴子，而且投石擊斃刑為通姦 （私通）擴展到動物的。

Back to Basics: The Issue of Isnad and Matn 回到基礎：這個問題的Isnad和Matn

The full citation of the hadith as recorded by al-Bukhari is as follows:完整的引文的聖訓錄得基地布哈里如下：

^{1 一}

On closer scrutiny of the above-recorded hadith, anyone proficient in the sciences of the Hadith ( ulum al-hadith ) would immediately see the fallacy of such a claim when the matn (text) and isnad (chain of transmission) of the hadith is studied.在仔細審查上述錄聖訓，任何人都精通在科學的聖訓（ 烏盧姆基地聖訓 ）將立即看到這種謬論時一併提出的matn（文字）和isnad（鏈條傳動）的聖訓是研究。

Firstly, the person who uttered the above words was not the Prophet Muhammad (P) himself, but by one of his Companions by name of 'Amru bin Maimun (R).首先，誰的人說出了上述的話是不是先知穆罕默德（規劃）本人，而是由他的一個同伴的名字，'阿姆魯本梅蒙（註冊商標）。

The following is the chain of transmission for this hadith:以下是此傳輸鏈聖訓：

The hadith is categorized as mauquf (lit. “stopped”), meaning that it is a saying traced to that of a Companion(R).聖訓是歸類為mauquf（旁通“停止”），這意味著它是一個說法追溯到作為伴侶（商標）。 Therefore, since it is clear that this hadith is not a saying of the Prophet (P), much less ascribed to him, it cannot be a basis for a ruling in Islam.因此，因為它是明確的，這不是一個聖訓說，先知（規劃），更不用說歸因於他，就不能有一個基礎的裁決在伊斯蘭教。

Secondly, the key phrase in the above hadith is “During the pre-lslamic period of ignorance”, which the critics had obviously overlooked.其次，關鍵短語在上述聖訓是“在會前伊斯蘭教時期的無知”，這顯然忽視了批評。 While we concede that above hadith is indeed accepted as authentic, we would also argue that according to the principles of criticism of the hadith, the matn of the hadith above would be rejected even if it had been ascribed to the Prophet (P).雖然我們承認，上述聖訓確實接受為真實的，我們也認為，根據原則的批評，聖訓，對聖訓的matn以上的被拒絕，即使它已被歸因於先知（規劃）。 'Abdur Rahman I. Doi has outlined this principle by stating that: '阿卜杜勒拉赫曼一土井概述了這項原則，指出：

As far as the Matn is concerned, the following principles of criticism of the Hadith are laid down:至於 Matn而言，下列原則的批評，聖訓的規定：

(1) The Hadith should not be contrary to the text or the teaching of the Qur'an or the accepted basic principles of Islam. （1）聖訓不應該違背文本或教學的古蘭經或接受的基本原則伊斯蘭教。
(2) The Hadith should not be against the dictates of reason or laws of nature and common experience. （2）聖訓不應該對理性的驅使或法律的性質和共同經驗。
(3) The Hadith should not be contrary to the Traditions which have already been accepted by authorities as reliable and authentic by applying all principles. （3）聖訓不應違背傳統的已接受當局的可靠和真實的運用所有的原則。
(4) The Hadith which sings the praises and excellence of any tribe, place or persons should be generally rejected （4）聖訓的唱著讚美和卓越的任何部落，地點或人員一般應拒絕
(5) The Hadith that contains the dates and minute details of the future events should be rejected. （5）聖訓包含日期和細節，未來事件應當予以駁回。
(6) The Hadith that contains some remarks of the Prophet which are not in keeping with the Islamic belief of Prophethood and the position of the Holy Prophet or such expressions as may not be suitable to him, should be rejected. （6），其中包含一些言論聖訓，先知是不符合伊斯蘭信仰和先知的位置神聖先知或這些詞句可能不適合他，應予以拒絕。 ^{2 2}

Interestingly, Ibn Hajar in his Fath al-Bari had discussed at length the exegesis of the above hadith.有趣的是，伊本哈吉爾在他的法特赫基地巴里曾詳細地討論了上述聖訓的註釋。 He quotes from Ibn Abd al-Barr as follows:他引用來自伊本阿卜杜勒巴爾如下：

Ibn Abd al-Barr has denounced this report of 'Amru Ibn Maimun and said: “It includes attributing adultery to a creature not assigned (with distinction between lawful and unlawful) and implementation of legal punishment on animals. 伊本阿卜杜勒巴爾譴責這份報告的'阿姆魯伊本梅蒙說：“它包括一個生物歸於通姦未分配（以區分合法與非法）和執行法律的懲罰動物。 This is denounced before scholars”. 這是之前的學者譴責“。 ^{3 3}

Then Ibn Hajar responds to the above argument of Ibn Abd al-Barr:然後，伊本哈吉爾回應了上述論點的伊本阿卜杜勒巴爾：

…I answer that the event being similar to that of adultery and stoning does not necessitate that it is really adultery or legal punishment. ...我回答說，如果有類似的用石頭砸死通姦和沒有必要，這是真的通姦或法律處罰。 It is called so because it is similar to it, so it does not necessitate assignment of animals (with distinction between lawful and unlawful). 這就是所謂的，因為它是它相似的，所以它並不一定轉讓動物（與區分合法和非法的）。 ^{4 4}

In other words, even if we assume for the sake of the argument that the claims of the apostates are true and the above hadith is indeed ascribed to the Prophet(P), the critics will still not be able to make the charge that the Prophet(P) had ordered the stoning of a she-monkey.換言之，即使我們假設為為了的論點，即索賠的變節者是真與上述聖訓確實歸功於先知（規劃），評論家將仍然不能使充電，先知（規劃）已下令用石頭砸死了她猴。

Ibn Qutaiba makes further commentary on the above hadith as follows:伊本Qutaiba作出進一步的評論就上述聖訓如下：

They said: You narrated that some monkeys stoned a she-monkey for fornication. 他們說：你講述一些猴子用石頭打死一個，她猴為淫亂。 If the monkeys stoned her while she is married, the hadith would be funnier. 如果猴子用石頭打她，而她結婚，聖訓是滑稽。 According to this example, you cannot be sure for perhaps monkeys implement many rulings of the Torah! 根據這個例子，你不能肯定也許就是許多猴子執行裁決的聖經！ Or probably they embrace Judaism! 或者可能他們擁抱猶太教！ So, if the monkeys are Jews, then perhaps the pigs are Christians! 因此，如果猴子是猶太人，那麼也許是基督徒的豬！

Abu Muhammad ['Abdullah Ibn Qutaiba, d.阿布穆罕默德['阿卜杜拉伊本Qutaiba，四 276 AH] said: In response to this sneer we state that the narrative of monkeys is neither on authority of Allah's Messneger (peace be upon him) nor any of his Companions; it is merely something mentioned by 'Amr Ibn Maimon. 276啊]說：就這嘲笑我們國家的敘事猴子既不是對真主的權威的Messneger（願他安息），也沒有任何他的同伴，這只是事情提到'聖訓邁蒙。 Muhammad Ibn Khalid Ibn Khadash told me that Muslim Ibn Qutaiba said on authority of Hashim on authority of Hasin on authority of 'Amr Ibn Maimon that he said, “A she-monkey had committed fornication during Jahiliyyah, so the monkeys stoned her and I stoned her with them”.哈立德伊本穆罕默德伊本Khadash告訴我，穆斯林伊Qutaiba哈希姆說，權威的權威對權威的Hasin'聖訓邁蒙，他說：“她猴期間犯有通姦 Jahiliyyah，所以她和我猴子扔石塊投擲石塊她與他們“。

Abu Muhammad said: He could have seen the monkeys stoning a she-monkey, so he imagined that they were stoning her because she committed fornication, this cannot be known except by supposition because monkeys do not express themselves and the one who sees them gathering cannot tell whether they fornicate or not.阿布穆罕默德說：他可能已經看到了猴子石擊一社猴子，所以他想到，他們用石頭砸死她，因為她犯姦淫，這不能被稱為除非假設，因為猴子不表達自己和一個誰看到他們聚會不能告訴他們是否fornicate與否。 This is a supposition.這是一個假設。 Perhaps, the old man knew she had fornicated for some reason we do not know for monkeys are the most fornicating animals.也許，老人知道她fornicated由於某種原因，我們不知道猴子是最fornicating動物。 Arabs refer to them as examples of (exaggerated) fornication and say: “fornicating more than a monkey”.阿拉伯人統稱他們為例子（誇大）私通，並說：“fornicating多猴子”。 Unless fornication is common among them, they would not be used as an example.除非婚前性行為是常見的，他們不會被用來作為一個例子。 There is none closer to man in marriage and jealousy than them.有沒有更接近人類的婚姻和比他們嫉妒。 The animals get hostile with one another, jump over and punish one another.動物得到彼此敵對，跳過去，懲罰對方。 Some bite, some scratch, some break and some smash.有的咬，一些划痕，一些突破和一些粉碎。 Monkeys stone with their hands whom Allah created as man stones.猴子石用自己的雙手真主創造的男子石頭。 If they stoned one another for a cause rather than fornication and the old man thought it is fornication, it would not be far.如果他們相互投擲石塊的一項事業，而不是私通，老人認為這是私通，它可能並不為過。 If the old man knew about fornication by some evidence and that stoning was for it, it would not be far either because – as I have informed you – they are the most jealous among animals and the closest to man regarding understanding.如果舊的人知道一些關於婚前性行為的證據，用石頭砸死了它，它可能並不為過或者是因為 - 正如我已經告訴你 - 他們是最嫉妒中動物和人類最接近的有關諒解。 ^{5 5}

The points we have made should make it clear that 'Amru bin Maimun was relating his thinking or perception prior to the advent of Islam – how he had foolishly believed that even monkeys had committed adultery!這點我們已明確表示，應該讓'阿姆魯本梅蒙是有關他的思想或觀念的到來之前，對伊斯蘭教的-他是怎樣愚蠢地認為，即使猴子犯了通姦！ It happened during a period whereby the pre-Islamic Arabs would indulge in the most detestable acts such as burying their daughters alive and doing the tawaf while they were naked.它發生在一個時期，即前伊斯蘭阿拉伯人將沉浸在最可恨的行為，如埋葬他們的女兒活著，做環遊當他們赤身裸體。 Thus this means that Islam has elevated the status of mankind by making them more rational and mindful of their actions, a conclusion that the haters and enemies of Islam would certainly not like to admit.因此，這意味著伊斯蘭教的地位提升為人類的理性，使他們更加意識到自己的行為，一個結論是，仇敵和伊斯蘭的敵人當然不會願意承認。

If the above hadith is used to condemn Islam with regards to treatment towards animals, then the Bible has the following to say:如果上面的聖訓是用來譴責伊斯蘭教與治療方面對動物，則有以下聖經說：

If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he must be put to death, and you must kill the animal.如果一個人有與動物發生性關係，他必須被治死，你必須殺死動物。 If a woman approaches an animal to have sexual relations with it, kill both the woman and the animal.如果一個女人的方法動物發生性關係，有了它，同時殺死該名女子及動物。 They must be put to death; their blood will be on their own heads.他們必須被治死，他們的鮮血將在自己頭上。 ^{6 6}

In other words, an animal that has committed its sin of adultery is liable to be punished for a “crime” it is unaware of in the first place, according to the Bible.換言之，一個動物已經承諾，它的通姦罪可被處以 1“罪行”，並不清楚在首位，根據聖經。

Conclusions 結論

It is clear that where the hadith regarding the stoning of a she-monkey for adultery is concerned, it is simply a recollection of a Companion (R) of the Prophet (P) regarding this maltreatment of animals during the pre-Islamic period of jahiliyyah , which is in total contradiction to Islamic principles and norms.很顯然，如果有關的聖訓，她用石頭砸死了，猴子為通姦而言，這只是一個回憶的伴侶（R）的先知（規劃）就在這個虐待動物的前伊斯蘭時期的jahiliyyah ，這是完全違背了伊斯蘭的原則和規範。 Thus, the claim that this hadith is the basis from which the lapidation for married adulterers in Islam came about is nothing more than a damp firecracker hurled by the haters and enemies of Islam.因此，宣稱這是聖訓的基礎，而投石擊斃刑已婚姦淫在伊斯蘭教的出現，只不過是一個潮濕的鞭炮拋擲的仇敵和伊斯蘭的敵人。 That their view of Islam had been tainted by deep ignorance, hatred, paranoia and xenophobia is no big secret, and this latest polemic is ipso facto a confirmation of their current condition.他們認為這已玷污伊斯蘭教深無知，仇恨，偏執和仇外心理是沒有大秘密，這個最新的爭論就是事實上確認其目前的狀況。

And only God knows best.而且，只有上帝知道最好的。

1. Muhammad穆罕默德 bin Isma'il 'Abdallah al-Ja'far (Imam al-Bukhari), Sahih al-Bukhari , Vol.本伊斯梅爾'阿卜杜拉Ja'far（伊瑪目布哈里） 的詞句基地布哈里 ，卷。 5, Bk. 5淺灘。 58, No. 188 [ 58，第188號 [ back背面 ] ]
2. 'Abdur Rahman I. Doi, Introduction to the Hadith (AS Nordeen, 2001), p. '阿卜杜勒拉赫曼一土井， 介紹聖訓 （如諾迪恩，2001年），第 15 [ 15 [ back背面 ] ]
3. Ahmed Ibn `Ali Ibn Hajar al-`Asqalani, Fath al-Bari [伊本阿里艾哈邁德伊本哈吉爾`基地`Asqalani， 法特赫基地巴里 [ back背面 ] ]
4. ibid. [ 同上。[ back背面 ] ]
5. Ibn Qutaiba, Ta'wil Mukhtalaf Al-Hadith , pp.伊本Qutaiba，Ta'wil Mukhtalaf鋁聖訓頁。 255-256 [ 255一256 [ back背面 ] ]
6. Leviticus, 20:15-16 [利未記 20:15-16 [ back背面 ] ]