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Mohd Elfie Nieshaem Juferi

"¾Ë¶ó"°¡ À̸§ ´Þ ½ÅÀÇÀÎ ¿ä±¸Àº ±×·¸´Ù Çϰí, ±âµ¶±³ ¼±±³»ç´Â ¶ÇÇÑ À̽½¶÷±³µµ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ±×µéÀÇ Á¾±³¸¦ À§ÇØ »ó¡À¸·Î ÃÊ½Â´Þ »ó¡À» ÇÏ´Â, »õ·Î¿î ´ÞÀ» Ç¥¸¦ ÇÏ´Â À̽½¶÷±³¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´ÞÀÌ ÀÎÁö ¿Ö ½É¹®ÇÏ¿©¼­ ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù ÀÌ ¿ä±¸¸¦ °£´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ ¸», Àú°ÍÀÇ ³í¸®ÀûÀÎ Âø¿À·Î À̽½¶÷±³µµ°¡ À̽½¶÷±³ÀÇ »ó¡À¸·Î Á¶°¢´ÞÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Á¢ÀüÇÑ´Ù, ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̽½¶÷±³µµ°¡ "´Þ ½Å¼º"ÀÇ ¾î¶² ¼þ¹èÇÑ´Ù µû¸¥´Ù. À̰ÍÀº À¯ÅÂÀÎÀº ¼þ¹è¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¸ñÇ¥·Î ±×°ÍÀ» °í·ÁÇϰųª, ±âµ¶±³ÀÎÀº ±×¸®½ºµµ ¼ö³­»óÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÑ´Ù À¯´ë±³°¡ »ó¡ ´ÙÀ­ÀÇ º°À» äÅÃÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, µû¸¥¤¤´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±×°ÍÀÇ »ó¡À¸·Î ÀÌ¿ëµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÁÖÀå º¸´Ù´Â ´õ Áø½ÇÇÏ. ÀÌ ¼­·ù´Â À̽½¶÷±³¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´Þ, insha' ¾Ë¶óÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

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À̽½¶÷±³´Â °áÄÚ ±×°Í °­·ÐÇÑ´Ù ´Þ ¼þ¹è¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç µµ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½ÇÁ¦·Î µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¿î¹®ÀÌ È®ÀÎÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ±×°ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù:

"±×ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã Áß ¹ã ¹× ÀÏ ¹× ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¹× ´ÞÀº ÀÌ´Ù. ±× ºÀ»çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù ye ¼Ò¿ø."ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡, (°æ¾ÓÇϽʽÿÀ) ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¹× ´Þ¿¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù Prostrate ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀ» âÁ¶ÇÑ ½Å¿¡°Ô prostrate, (Qur', 41: 37)

ÀÌ·¸°Ô À̽½¶÷±³¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ´ÞÀÇ ±â´ÉÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡? ±×°ÍÀÌ À̽½¶÷±³¿¡¼­ ³ë´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº À̽½¶÷±³ À½·ÂÀ» °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù ÀÌ´Ù. Qur´Â' ½ÅÀÇ ¹ý·üÀ» Á¶°ÇÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿© ÀÏ ´ÞÀÇ ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ À̰ÍÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â ¿î¹®À» ÀÐÀ» ¶§ È®ÀεȴÙ

"¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù ½ÅÀÌ ÀÏ·Î ¹ãÀ» ÇÕº´ÇÑ´Ù Seest thou¿Í ±×´Â ¹ãÀ¸·Î ÀÏÀ» ÇÕº´ÇÑ´Ù; ±×´Â ÅÂ¾ç ¹× ´Þ (±×ÀÇ ¹ý·ü¿¡), °¢ ´Þ¸®±â¸¦ ÀÓ¸íµÈ ±â°£À» À§ÇÑ ±×°ÍÀÇ °úÁ¤ º¹Á¾½ÃÄ×´Ù: ±×¸®°í Àú ½ÅÀº ye°¡?" ¸ðµÎ¿¡ Àß Á¤ÅëÇÑ´Ù (Qur', 31:29)

¾Ë¶ó°¡" (½Å) À߸ø ÁöµµµÈ ±âµ¶±³Àο¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ "´Þ ½Å"ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡, Àú ¾ÆÁÖ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ "´Þ ½ÅÀº" ¿Ö ÀηùÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» À§ÇÑ ´ÞÀ» âÁ¶ÇҴ°¡ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù? ÇѸ¶µð·Î ¸»Çϸé À̽½¶÷±³µµ ¼þ¹è "¾Ë¶ó ´Þ ½Å"°¡ ±â·Ï¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ±Ø¾ÇÇÑ »ç±âÀÌ´Ù, ¿ä±¸.

À¯´ë±³¿Í ´Þ

It is interesting to note that the Jews also adopt the lunar calendar to mark their holy festivals. The Jewish religious calendar, of Babylonian origin, consists of 12 lunar months, amounting to about 354 days. Six times in a 19-year cycle a 13th month is added to adjust the calendar to the solar year. The day is reckoned from sunset to sunset.1

The moon also plays an important role in a symbolic comparison with the Jewish nation. We reproduce below an article written by Rabbi Avrohom Berger that states as such.

The Symbolic Comparision of the Jews and the Moon

The article above would clearly refute the nonsense that Islam based its calendar on the moon because it was a religion of the moon god, for if Islam was really the religion of the moon god, what is the religion of the Jews who used (and still use) the lunar calendar and constantly analogises itself to the moon? In fact, a Jewish site confirmed the above by stating:

The Jewish Nation has been likened to the moon. Our history, cyclical in nature, waxes and wanes like the moon through its cycle hidden at times, but always reemerging to full blossom.2

Condemning the Jewish religion as ¡°moon worship¡± based on the ¡°logic¡± (or rather, the lack of it!) of the Christian missionaries would, however, lead to serious implications that could undermine their own faith, as Jesus (P) was a learned Rabbi and faithful Jew himself. However, they have no qualms condemning Islam for using the lunar calendar. Such double standards are not alien to Christian thought, after all the end justifies the means, just as (St.) Paul did the same.

Christianity and The Solar Calendar

We have seen that both Judaism and Islam, as in the tradition of Semitic culture, use the lunar calendar to mark their months. The question now is why Christianity adopted the solar calendar, instead of the lunar? As surprising as it is to the missionary, the adoption of the sun as the official calendar of ¡®Christianity¡¯ occurs as late as 325 C.E. and was due to the prevailing pagan influences of sun worship. The cult of the sun-god was the most popular creed at the advent of Jesus, and was prevalent in all the countries into which the religion called ¡°Christianity¡± is later introduced in. Pagan gods such as Appolo or Dionysus among the Greeks, Hercules among the Romans, Mithra among the Persians, and Osiris, Isis and Horus in Egypt et. al., are all sun-gods3. In the face of the evidence, one cannot help but conclude that the adoption of the solar calender is certainly due to the strong Hellenistic influences of the sun-god cult during its adoption.

Conclusions

It is clear that the creation of a calendar is for the purpose of keeping time in perspective. Time is measured in relative terms, from sunrise to sunset; from the time the sun casts the shortest shadow to the same time the next day; from one harvest time to another. In ancient times, the phases of the moon were an easy means of measuring the passage of time. The first calendars were lunar calendars. Ancient civilizations such as the Assyrians, Babylonians, Egyptians and the Chinese used the lunar calendar. The Semitic culture also adopts this calendar, with the exception of Christianity, which uses the solar calendar due to pagan Hellenistic influences by Greco-Roman culture. There is therefore no logical reason to associate the lunar calendar of Islam with moon worship.

And certainly, only God knows best!

  1. http://www.webear.com/reliengl.htm#*top4 [back]
  2. http://www.judaism.com/calendar2000/backgroud.htm [back]
  3. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Zidan, Christianity: Myth or Message?, A.S. Noordeen (Malaysia), 1995 [back]

One Response to ¡°What is the Significance of the Crescent Moon in Islam?¡±

  1. shery said on 16 October 2006:

    Jesus is the Sun of God?
    The history of the sun, is the history of Jesus Christ. The sun is born on the 25th of December, the birthday of Jesus Christ
    . The first and greatest of the labors of Jesus Christ is his victory over the serpent, the evil principle, or the devil. In his first labor Hercules strangled the serpent, as did Krishna, Bacchus, etc. his is the sun triumphing over the powers of hell & darkness; &, as he increases, he prevails, till he is crucified in the heavens, or is decussated in the form of a cross (according to Justin Martyr) when he passes the equator at the vernal equinox. (ibid, p. 200)
    In reading the New Testament we must cease to think of the man Jesus, & even of the ?Son of God?, & think of him
    rather of the sun of god, for this is a solar myth, & its dying hero, a dying sun. (Lloyd Graham, Deceptions and Myths
    of the Bible, p. 361)
    ?The divine teacher is called, is tested by the ?adversary?, gathers disciples, heals the sick, preaches the Good News
    about God?s kingdom, finally runs afoul of his bitter enemies, suffers, dies, & is resurrected after 3 days. This is the
    total pattern of the sun god in all the ancient dramas?. (The Pagan Christ, p. 145)

    When the Council of Nicea took place, the Emperor Constantine
    - Declared the Roman Sun-day to be the Christian Sabbath
    - Adopted the traditional birthday of the Sun-god, & the twenty-fifth of December, as the birthday of Jesus;
    - Borrowed the emblem of the Sun-god, the cross of light, to be the emblem of Christianity;
    - And, although the statue of Jesus replaced the idol of the Sun-god, decided to incorporate all the ceremonies which were performed at the Sub-gods birthday celebrations into their own ceremonies.
    How can they accuse others of moon worship ?

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