If you're new here, you may want to get regular updates via如果你是新这里，你可能想通过定期更新 RSS feed RSS提要 . 。 Thank you for visiting!谢谢您的访问！

Muslims all around the world were upset and outraged at the recent incident involving Pope Benedict XVI.世界各地的穆斯林都被打乱，并在最近的事件，涉及教皇本笃十六世愤怒。 The该 controversy争议 began on 12 September 2006, when he presented a lecture entitled “Faith, Reason and the University — Memories and Reflections” at the University of Regensburg in Germany, where he was previously a professor of theology. 9月12日开始2006年，当他提出了一个演讲，题为“诚信，理性和大学-回忆与思考”在教授神学在德国雷根斯堡大学，在那里他是以前。 Without refuting or repudiating it, he had quoted from the Byzantine emperor没有反驳或否认它，他引述了拜占庭皇帝 Manuel II Pleologus曼努埃尔二世Pleologus who was reported to have said thus:据报道，谁这样说：

Show me just what让我看看是什么 Muhammad穆罕默德 brought that was new and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached.带来的是新的，在那里你会发现只是邪恶和不人道的事情，如他的指挥下，用剑传播他的教义。

Certainly there is no reason why a Muslim who knows his religion would not be outraged at the words cited from a medievel emperor, and it is justifiably so.当然也没有理由成为穆斯林谁知道他的宗教不会在愤怒的话从一个medievel皇帝引用，这是理所当然的。 What we would like to know is, how could Pope Benedict XVI have quoted from a power-crazy emperor whose hostility towards Islam was well-known?我们想知道的是，如何能教宗引述从权力的疯狂皇帝对伊斯兰教的敌意是众所周知的？ As the person considered as the “Vicar of Christ” leading a majority of the world's Christian population who ascribe to the Catholic faith, the Pope should be promoting peace and harmony between the two faiths.由于人视为“基督的代表”一个世界领先的基督教人口谁归于多数信仰天主教，教皇应该促进两国之间的和平与宗教和谐。

The Pope should know better than to ascribe Islam to the stereotypical image of violence and the sword.教宗应该知道不如归咎于伊斯兰教的暴力和剑刻板印象。 It was the historical scholar De Lacy O'Leary who refuted this imagery by stating that:这是历史学者代拉齐奥利里谁反驳，指出这种比喻：

“History makes it clear however, that the legend of fanatical Muslims sweeping through the world and forcing Islam at the point of the sword upon conquered races is one of the most fantastically absurd myth that historians have ever repeated.” “历史清楚不过，即通过对狂热席卷全球，迫使穆斯林传说在剑点后，征服了比赛伊斯兰教是极其荒谬的神话最历史学家曾经多次之一。” ^{1 一}

In the eleventh century, the Western Christians thought the time had come to turn the tables of history.在11世纪，西方基督教认为现在已经到了转折历史的表。 The Crusades were launched with disastrous consequences to Christian-Muslim and Muslim-Christian relations.His predecessor, Pope Urban II, was the person who first coined the term “holy war” (which, it should be noted, is alien to Muslim thought) and who first issued the edict inciting the Christian governments of Europe to wage war against the Muslims in the Middle East.与十字军东征是基督教，穆斯林和穆斯林和基督徒relations.His前任灾难性后果展开，教皇乌尔班二世，是谁首先提出了“神圣的战争”（即，应该指出的人，是陌生的穆斯林思想）和谁最先发出的法令煽动中东欧洲各国政府的基督教对穆斯林发动战争。

In his speech, Pope Urban II called for colonization of the Muslim world:在讲话中，教皇乌尔班二世呼吁穆斯林世界的殖民化：

For you must hasten to carry aid to your brethren dwelling in the East, who need your help, which they have often asked.因为你必须加速进行援助，你们的弟兄在东部，谁需要你的帮助，他们经常问住。 For the Turks, a Persian people, have attacked them I exhort you with earnest prayer – not I, but God – that, as heralds of Christ, you urge men by frequent exhortation, men of all ranks, knights as well as foot soldiers, rich as well as poor, to hasten to exterminate this vile race from the lands of your brethren Christ commands it.对于土耳其人，波斯人人，袭击了他们，我劝你用真诚的祈祷 - 不是我，而是上帝 - 这预示着作为基督，你希望通过经常告诫男人，各级男人，骑士和步兵，丰富以及穷人，加速消灭你们的弟兄从基督的土地这恶人比赛命令它。 And if those who set out thither should lose their lives on the way by land, or in crossing the sea, or in fighting the pagans, their sins shall be remitted.如果这些谁载到那里失去土地的方式由他们的生活，或渡大海，或在战斗的异教徒，他们的罪孽，应减免。 Oh what a disgrace, if a race so despised, base, and the instrument of demons, should so overcome a people endowed with faith in the all-powerful God, and resplendent with the name of Christ.哦，什么是耻辱，如果一场比赛如此鄙视，基地和恶魔的工具，那么就应该用信心克服在赋予一个人全能的上帝，并在基督的名字辉煌。 Let those who have been accustomed to make private war against the faithful carry on to a successful issue a war against the infidels.让那些谁已经习惯把反对忠实私人战争进行到一个成功的问题上与异教徒的战争。 Let those who for a long time have been robbers now become soldiers of Christ.让那些谁很长一段时间现在已成为强盗基督的士兵。 Let those who fought against brothers and relatives now fight against these barbarians.让那些对兄弟和亲戚谁打现在对付这些野蛮人。 Let them zealously undertake the journey under the guidance of the Lord.让他们热情地承担下的主引导的旅程。 ^{2 2}

Professor of History, Joel T. Rosenthal, who contributed an article at Encarta Encyclopaedia states that:历史学讲座教授，乔尔吨罗森塔尔，谁贡献，第一个在Encarta百科全书规定：

They knew little about the Byzantine Empire or its religion, Eastern Orthodox他们知道对拜占庭帝国或宗教，东正教小 Christianity基督教 . 。 Few Crusaders understood or had much sympathy for the Eastern Orthodox religion, which did not recognize the pope, used the Greek language rather than Latin, and had very different forms of art and architecture.十字军很少理解或曾经为东正教的宗教，它不承认教皇非常同情，而不是用拉丁文希腊文，并与建筑艺术非常不同的形式。 They knew even less about Islam or Muslim life.他们知道，甚至对伊斯兰教和穆斯林的生活更少。 For some the First Crusade became an excuse to unleash savage attacks in the name of Christianity on Jewish communities along the Rhine.对于一些第一次十字军东征成为借口，发动了野蛮的袭击基督教名义对沿莱茵河的犹太社区。 ^{3 3}

It should be noted that all Jews, Muslims and non-Catholic Christians were massacred during the Crusades, especially during the conquest of Jerusalam in the First Crusades War.应该指出的是，所有的犹太人，穆斯林和非天主教教徒被屠杀，特别是在十字军东征期间，在第一次十字军东征Jerusalam战争征服。 When these “righteous” Crusaders arrived at当这些“正义”十字军抵达 Jerusalem耶路撒冷 , they had no mercy on the inhabitants, whether Muslims, Jews or their Christian brethren. ，他们没有对居民怜悯，无论是穆斯林，犹太人，他们的基督教兄弟。 Philip Schaff writes:菲利普沙夫写道：

The scenes of carnage which followed belong to the many dark pages of Jerusalem's history and showed how, in the quality of mercy, the crusading knight was far below the ideal of Christian perfection.大屠杀的场面遵循属于耶路撒冷的历史和无数个黑暗的页面展示了如何在仁慈的品质，十字军骑士远远低于理想是完美的基督教。 The streets were choked with the bodies of the slain.街上塞满了的尸体被暗杀的。 The Jews were burnt with their synagogues….犹太人与犹太教堂被烧毁...。 As if to enhance the spectacle of pitiless barbarity, Saracen (ie Muslims) prisoners were forced to clear the streets of the dead bodies and blood to save the city from pestilence.好像是为了提高无情野蛮，撒拉逊人（即穆斯林眼镜）被迫以清除尸体和血液街头拯救瘟疫城市囚犯。 “They wept and transported the dead bodies out of Jerusalem,” is the heartless statement of Robert the Monk. “他们哭泣的尸体运出耶路撒冷”，是无情的罗伯特声明和尚。 … “They cut down with the sword,” said William [archbishop] of Tyre, “every one whom they found in Jerusalem, and spared no one. ...“他们用剑切下来，说：”威廉[提尔大主教]，“每个人在耶路撒冷的人，他们发现，并不遗余力地之一。 The victors were covered with blood from head to foot.” In the next breath, speaking of the devotion of the Crusaders, the archbishop adds, “It was a most affecting sight which filled the heart with holy joy to see the people tread the holy places in the fervor of an excellent devotion.”胜利者是从头部鲜血覆盖到脚。“在未来气息，说的是十字军的奉献，大主教补充说，”这是一个影响视力的最充满欢乐与神圣的心看到这些人，足下的神圣在一个出色的奉献热情的地方。“ ^{4 4}

Thus we should ask ourselves, by what criteria must this act be judged apart from calling it “evil and inhuman”, as the Pope did for Islam?因此，我们应该问自己的是什么标准，这种行为必须受到审判，除了称之为“邪恶和不人道的”，因为教宗对伊斯兰没有？

The Pope should also look at the history of the教宗也应该看看历史 Spanish Inquisition西班牙宗教裁判所 which was issued (yet again!) by another predecessor of the current Pope, Pope Lucius III.这是发行（又一次！）由另一目前教皇，教皇卢修斯三世的前身。 This papal bull was carried out to the letter under the rule of the Catholic King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, who drove thousands of Muslims and Jews out of the Iberian Peninsula at the fall of Granada in 1492, either by expelling them or forcibly converting them to Christianity.这是教皇的牛进行了下，天主教国王费迪南德和王后伊莎贝拉，谁开车在格拉纳达在1492年秋天的穆斯林和犹太人出数以千计的统治伊比利亚半岛的信中，无论是由驱逐他们或强行将它们转换为基督教。 P. de Gayangos writes regarding Ximenes:山口加扬戈斯就希梅内斯写道：

As a result of his endeavours, it is reported that on 8th December 1499 about three thousand Moors were baptized by him and a leading mosque in Granada was converted into a church.由于他的努力的结果，据报道，在1499年12月8日约3000摩尔人由他和一个清真寺，格拉纳达的领导到教堂受洗的转换。 'Converts' were encouraged to surrender their Islamic books, several thousands of which were destroyed by Ximenes in a public bonfire. '转换'，鼓励交出他们的伊斯兰书籍，其中被希梅内斯摧毁了数千名市民的篝火。 A few rare books on medicine were kept aside for the University of Alcala.关于一些医药书籍被扔在一边罕见的阿尔卡拉大学。 ^{5 5}

For eight centuries, Islam had been the faith not only of immigrant Arabs and Berbers but of native Spaniards who were always the majority. 8世纪，伊斯兰教已不仅阿拉伯人和柏柏尔人的移民，但本土西班牙人谁总是多数信仰。 The “Inquisition” made no differentiation; and it brought to an end one of the most glorious chapters in the history of inter-religious living and co-operation.的“宗教裁判所”没有差别，以及它带来的一个跨宗教生活历史上最辉煌的篇章之一，并最终合作。

It is also a historical fact that the Catholic Church in Germany and Italy had这也是一个历史事实，在德国和意大利天主教教会 a mutual agreement相互协议 with Hitler and Mussolini, and they were never condemned in their respective countries even though the “official” position of the Church was that Nazism is explicitly condemned.希特勒和墨索里尼，他们从来没有在他们各自国家的谴责，即使“官方”教会的立场是明确谴责纳粹主义。 It is also这也是 a fact事实 that there are photographs of Catholic priests, Lutheran ministers, and Catholic bishops and cardinals with Hitler and even giving the Hitler salute.有天主教神父，路德部长照片，和天主教枢机主教，与希特勒，甚至给希特勒致敬。 Both men were responsible for heinious war crimes and genocides in their own nations as well as in the Second World War.这两名男子分别为heinious战争罪和种族灭绝在自己的国家负责，以及在第二次世界战争。

It seems that Christians are fixated with the image of the Crusades and the idea of a “holy war”.看来，基督徒与十字军东征的形象，一个“神圣的战争”的想法大涨。 It was after all George Bush, a born-again Christian, in the aftermath of the horrendous September 11 attacks on New York who毕竟这是乔治布什，一个天生的基督徒，在911恐怖袭击后纽约谁 first used首次使用 the word “crusade” in response to the 9/11 attack. “This crusade,” he said, “this war on terrorism.” Yet again it was twenty million Red Indians who were killed by Christians in the early history of the United States.单词“十字军”，因应9 / 11攻击。“这场战斗，”他说，“这反恐战争。”然而，这又是谁20000000印第安人被杀害联合国的各国基督徒在早期历史。 Africans were also kidnapped by these so-call Christians to work in the cotton fields of the South and it was only after the American Civil War which only then ended slavery.非洲人还绑架了这些所谓的基督徒工作在南方的棉花领域，它只是在美国南北战争中才结束奴隶制。 Even so, discrimination of the Afro-Americans in North America persist until today.即便如此，非裔美国人的歧视，北美坚持到今天。

Despite all the evidence above showing the ugliness of Christian history, the Pope still chooses to attack and demean Islam.尽管上述所有展示了基督教历史丑陋的证据，教宗仍然选择攻击和贬低伊斯兰教。 On the contrary, there were non-Muslims who said good things about Islam.相反，有非穆斯林对伊斯兰教说谁好东西。 The philospher George Bernard Shaw said that:在理学大师萧伯纳说：

“I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality. “我一直在穆罕默德举行了精彩的生命力，因为它高度评价宗教。 It is the only religion which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence which can make itself appeal to every age.这是唯一的宗教，在我看来拥有的吸收能力的存在，可以成为吸引每个年龄阶段的转变。 I have studied him – the wonderful man and in my opinion far from being an anti-Christ, he must be called the Savior of Humanity.我研究过他 - 从一个反基督的人与美好，我认为到目前为止，他必须被称为人类的救主。

I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring it the much needed peace and happiness: I have prophesied about the faith of Muhammad that it would be acceptable to the Europe of tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of today.”我相信，如果像他这样的人要承担的现代世界的独裁，他将成功地解决的方式，它会带来急需的和平与幸福：我对穆罕默德的信仰预言，这将是它的问题可以接受的，因为它是欧洲明天开始被接受，今天的欧洲。“ ^{6 6}

Mohandas K. Gandhi, the spiritual icon of India's resistance movement, said in Young India :圣雄甘地光，抵抗运动的精神偶像印度说，在年轻的印度 ：

“I wanted to know the best of one who holds today's undisputed sway over the hearts of millions of mankind….I became more than convinced that it was not the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of life. “我想知道一个谁拥有今天的数百万以上的人类心中无可争议的统治最好的...。我更加确信，这是比没有的刀，赢得了市民的生活计划为伊斯兰教在那些日子里举行。 It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the Prophet, the scrupulous regard for his pledges, his intense devotion to this friends and followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his absolute trust in God and in his own mission.这是僵化的简单性，完全自我的先知，对他的承诺，严格把涂抹，他献身于这个激烈的朋友和追随者，他的无畏，他的无畏，他的绝对信任上帝和他自己的使命。 These and not the sword carried everything before them and surmounted every obstacle.这些剑进行，而不是他们面前的一切障碍和克服一切。 When I closed the 2nd volume (of the Prophet's biography), I was sorry there was not more for me to read of the great life.”当我结束了第二卷中的先知的传记（），我很遗憾没有再为我阅读了伟大的生命。“

Michael H. Hart commented on the following on why he chose the Prophet Muhammad at the top of his list:迈克尔H哈特谈到了他为什么选择了以下在他的首要任务，先知穆罕默德：

“My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world's most influential persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular level.” “我对穆罕默德的选择，领导世界上最有影响力的人的名单，可能有些读者感到惊讶，并可能被别人质疑，但他在历史上谁是超级同时在宗教和世俗的唯一一个成功的水平。” ^{7 7}

Lamartine best sums it up by saying:拉马丁最好概括起来说：

“Philosopher, orator, apostle, legislator, warrior, conqueror of ideas, restorer of rational dogmas, of a cult without images; the founder of twenty terrestrial empires and of one spiritual empire, that is Muhammad. “哲学家，演说家，使徒，立法委员，战士，思想征服者，恢复理性的教条，一个邪教组织无图像;在20陆地帝国的创始人和精神的一个帝国，这是穆罕默德。 As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may well ask, is there any man greater than he?”至于所有人类伟大文明的标准，可衡量，我们可能会问，有没有人比他还大？“ ^{8 8}

With all these comments by these eminent figures of the 20th century, what reason does the Pope have to quote from an ignorant, barbaric Byzantine emperor?所有这些由20世纪的杰出人物评论，没有什么理由教皇有引述一个无知，野蛮的拜占庭皇帝？

Conclusions 结论

The damage that the Pope had done, whether consciously or unconsciously, have certainly reversed the peace-making efforts and bridging of relations by认为教皇做了损害，无论是自觉或不自觉地，确实扭转了和平作出的努力和关系弥合 his predecessor他的前任 , who was also the first Pope to step foot into a mosque when ，谁是第一个也是教皇踏入清真寺时脚 he visited他访问了 the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and paid a visit to the grave of the Prophet Yahya (John the Baptist).大马士革倭马亚清真寺中，付出了向叶海亚的先知（施洗约翰）的陵墓访问。 The current Pope is nowhere as magnamious as his predecessor and clearly he is trying to undo the efforts of the previous Pope.目前教皇是无处像他的前任magnamious和他显然是想撤消前教宗的努力。

However he should not be ignorant of facts.但是他不应该对事实一无所知。 Freedom of expression should not include lies.言论自由不应该包括所在。 The Pope should verify his facts, as the Qur'an tells us Muslims in Surah Hujurat, 49:6 as follows:教宗应验证他的事实，因为古兰经告诉我们，在Surah Hujurat穆斯林，49:6如下：

“O People who Believe! “啊，人谁相信！ If any miscreant brings you some tidings, verify it, lest you unknowingly cause suffering to some people, and then remain repenting for what you did.” 如果您有任何恶棍带来福音，验证，免得你在不知不觉中对一些人造成痛苦，忏悔，然后继续为你做了什么。“

And only God knows best!而且，只有上帝知道吧！

1. De Lacy O'Leary, Islam at the Crossroads , p.代拉齐奥利里，第伊斯兰教在十字路口 ， 8 [ 8 [ back背面 ] ]
2. August C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eye Witnesses and Participants (Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith, 1958) [八月三克里， 第一远征：）[帐务的目击者和参与者 （格洛斯特，马萨诸塞州：彼得史密斯，1958年 back背面 ] ]
3. Joel T. Rosenthal,乔尔吨塔尔 Encarta Encarta [ [ back背面 ] ]
4. Philip Schaff,菲利普沙夫， History of the Christian Church 历史上的基督教堂 , Volume V, Chapter 7 [ ，第五卷，第7章[ back背面 ] ]
5. P de Gayangos, “Muhammadan Dynasties in Spain” , Vol. P代加扬戈斯，“在西班牙Muhammadan时期”，2005年。 II.二。 [ [ back背面 ] ]
6. The Genuine Islam , Vol. 正版伊斯兰教 ，卷。 1, No. 8, 1936 [ 1，第8号，1936年[ back背面 ] ]
7. Michael H. Hart, The 100: A Ranking of The Most Influential Persons in History , New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc., 1978, p.迈克尔H哈特，100：历史最有影响力的人物排行榜中的纽约：哈特出版公司，公司，1978年，第 33 [ 33 [ back背面 ] ]
8. Histoire De La Turquie , Paris, 1854, Vol. 历史学代拉Turquie，巴黎，1854年，第。 II, pp. 276-277 [二，页。276-277 [ back背面 ] ]