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Muslims all around the world were upset and outraged at the recent incident involving Pope Benedict XVI.穆斯林世界各地的人不滿和憤怒在最近發生的事件，涉及教皇本篤十六世。 The該 controversy爭議 began on 12 September 2006, when he presented a lecture entitled “Faith, Reason and the University — Memories and Reflections” at the University of Regensburg in Germany, where he was previously a professor of theology. 9月12日開始2006年，當他提出了一個演講，題為“誠信，理性和大學-回憶與思考”在德國雷根斯堡大學，在那裡他曾教授神學。 Without refuting or repudiating it, he had quoted from the Byzantine emperor沒有反駁或否認它，他引述了拜占庭皇帝 Manuel II Pleologus曼努埃爾二世Pleologus who was reported to have said thus:據報導，誰這樣說：

Show me just what讓我看看是什麼 Muhammad穆罕默德 brought that was new and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached.帶來的是新的，在那裡你會發現只是邪惡和不人道的東西，比如他命令用劍傳播他的教義。

Certainly there is no reason why a Muslim who knows his religion would not be outraged at the words cited from a medievel emperor, and it is justifiably so.當然也沒有理由成為穆斯林誰知道他的宗教不會感到憤慨的話引用了medievel皇帝，這是理所當然的。 What we would like to know is, how could Pope Benedict XVI have quoted from a power-crazy emperor whose hostility towards Islam was well-known?我們想知道的是，如何能教宗引述從權力瘋狂皇帝對伊斯蘭教的敵意是眾所周知的？ As the person considered as the “Vicar of Christ” leading a majority of the world's Christian population who ascribe to the Catholic faith, the Pope should be promoting peace and harmony between the two faiths.由於人認為是“牧師”基督的領導多數是世界上人口誰歸於基督教信仰天主教，教皇應該是促進和平與和諧兩者之間的信仰。

The Pope should know better than to ascribe Islam to the stereotypical image of violence and the sword.教宗應該知道不如歸咎於伊斯蘭教的刻板形象的暴力和劍。 It was the historical scholar De Lacy O'Leary who refuted this imagery by stating that:這是歷史學者代拉齊奧利裡誰反駁這種比喻，說明如下：

“History makes it clear however, that the legend of fanatical Muslims sweeping through the world and forcing Islam at the point of the sword upon conquered races is one of the most fantastically absurd myth that historians have ever repeated.” “歷史清楚不過，即傳說中的穆斯林狂熱席捲全球，迫使伊斯蘭教在點劍的比賽後，征服是一種極其荒謬的神話最歷史學家曾經多次。” ^{1 一}

In the eleventh century, the Western Christians thought the time had come to turn the tables of history.在11世紀，西方基督教認為現在已經到了把表的歷史。 The Crusades were launched with disastrous consequences to Christian-Muslim and Muslim-Christian relations.His predecessor, Pope Urban II, was the person who first coined the term “holy war” (which, it should be noted, is alien to Muslim thought) and who first issued the edict inciting the Christian governments of Europe to wage war against the Muslims in the Middle East.十字軍東征，開始了災難性的後果基督教，穆斯林和穆斯林和基督徒relations.His前任，教皇烏爾班二世，是人誰首先提出了“神聖的戰爭”（即，應該指出，思想是格格不入的穆斯林）和誰最先發出的法令煽動基督教的歐洲各國政府對穆斯林發動戰爭在中東地區。

In his speech, Pope Urban II called for colonization of the Muslim world:在講話中，教皇烏爾班二世呼籲穆斯林世界的殖民化：

For you must hasten to carry aid to your brethren dwelling in the East, who need your help, which they have often asked.因為你必須加速進行援助，你們的弟兄住在東部，誰需要你的幫助，他們經常問。 For the Turks, a Persian people, have attacked them I exhort you with earnest prayer – not I, but God – that, as heralds of Christ, you urge men by frequent exhortation, men of all ranks, knights as well as foot soldiers, rich as well as poor, to hasten to exterminate this vile race from the lands of your brethren Christ commands it.對於土耳其人，波斯人人，襲擊了他們，我勸你認真的禱告 - 不是我，而是上帝 - 這是預示著基督，你希望通過經常告誡男子，男子各級，騎士和步兵，豐富以及窮人，加速消滅這個邪惡的種族從土地基督的命令是你的兄弟。 And if those who set out thither should lose their lives on the way by land, or in crossing the sea, or in fighting the pagans, their sins shall be remitted.如果這些誰載到那裡應該失去自己的生活道路的土地，或渡大海，或在戰鬥的異教徒，他們的罪孽，應減免。 Oh what a disgrace, if a race so despised, base, and the instrument of demons, should so overcome a people endowed with faith in the all-powerful God, and resplendent with the name of Christ.哦，什麼是恥辱，如果一場比賽如此鄙視，基地和儀器的惡魔，那麼就應該克服人們賦予信仰全能的上帝，輝煌與基督的名稱。 Let those who have been accustomed to make private war against the faithful carry on to a successful issue a war against the infidels.讓那些誰已經習慣，使私人戰爭的忠實執行到一個成功的問題，對異教徒的戰爭。 Let those who for a long time have been robbers now become soldiers of Christ.讓那些誰很長一段時間現在已成為強盜士兵基督。 Let those who fought against brothers and relatives now fight against these barbarians.讓那些誰打的兄弟和親戚現在對打擊這些野蠻人。 Let them zealously undertake the journey under the guidance of the Lord.讓他們承擔旅程熱忱的指導下主。 ^{2 2}

Professor of History, Joel T. Rosenthal, who contributed an article at Encarta Encyclopaedia states that:歷史學講座教授，喬爾噸羅森塔爾，誰貢獻在Encarta百科全書的文章指出：

They knew little about the Byzantine Empire or its religion, Eastern Orthodox他們知之甚少或拜占庭帝國的宗教，東正教 Christianity基督教 . 。 Few Crusaders understood or had much sympathy for the Eastern Orthodox religion, which did not recognize the pope, used the Greek language rather than Latin, and had very different forms of art and architecture.十字軍很少有同情的理解或對東正教的宗教，它不承認教皇，使用希臘語言，而不是拉丁語，並有非常不同形式的藝術和建築。 They knew even less about Islam or Muslim life.他們知道更對伊斯蘭教和穆斯林的生活。 For some the First Crusade became an excuse to unleash savage attacks in the name of Christianity on Jewish communities along the Rhine.對於一些第一次十字軍東征成為藉口發動野蠻襲擊的名義，對猶太社區基督教沿著萊茵河。 ^{3 3}

It should be noted that all Jews, Muslims and non-Catholic Christians were massacred during the Crusades, especially during the conquest of Jerusalam in the First Crusades War.應該指出的是，所有的猶太人，穆斯林和非天主教教徒被屠殺的十字軍東征期間，特別是在征服Jerusalam在第一十字軍戰爭。 When these “righteous” Crusaders arrived at當這些“正義”十字軍抵達 Jerusalem耶路撒冷 , they had no mercy on the inhabitants, whether Muslims, Jews or their Christian brethren. ，他們沒有憐憫的居民，無論是穆斯林，猶太人，他們的基督教兄弟。 Philip Schaff writes:菲利普沙夫寫道：

The scenes of carnage which followed belong to the many dark pages of Jerusalem's history and showed how, in the quality of mercy, the crusading knight was far below the ideal of Christian perfection.大屠殺的場面遵循屬於許多黑暗的篇章耶路撒冷的歷史和表現如何，在質量的慈悲，在十字軍騎士遠遠低於理想的基督教完善。 The streets were choked with the bodies of the slain.街上堵滿了被殺害的屍體。 The Jews were burnt with their synagogues….猶太人與猶太教堂被燒毀 ...。 As if to enhance the spectacle of pitiless barbarity, Saracen (ie Muslims) prisoners were forced to clear the streets of the dead bodies and blood to save the city from pestilence.好像是為了提高奇觀無情的野蠻，撒拉遜人（即穆斯林）囚犯被迫以清除街頭的屍體和鮮血來拯救這個城市從瘟疫。 “They wept and transported the dead bodies out of Jerusalem,” is the heartless statement of Robert the Monk. “他們哭泣的屍體運出耶路撒冷”，是無情的聲明羅伯特和尚。 … “They cut down with the sword,” said William [archbishop] of Tyre, “every one whom they found in Jerusalem, and spared no one. ...“他們削減的劍，說：”威廉[大主教]提爾，“每個人在耶路撒冷的人，他們發現，並不遺餘力地之一。 The victors were covered with blood from head to foot.” In the next breath, speaking of the devotion of the Crusaders, the archbishop adds, “It was a most affecting sight which filled the heart with holy joy to see the people tread the holy places in the fervor of an excellent devotion.”勝利者是覆蓋著鮮血從頭部到腳。“在未來氣息，說的是奉獻的十字軍，大主教補充說，”這是一個最影響視力填補了聖心喜悅看到這些人，足下的神聖放置在熱情的一個很好的奉獻精神。“ ^{4 4}

Thus we should ask ourselves, by what criteria must this act be judged apart from calling it “evil and inhuman”, as the Pope did for Islam?因此，我們應該問問自己，用什麼標準來判斷這種行為必須除了稱之為“邪惡和不人道的”，因為教皇沒有為伊斯蘭教？

The Pope should also look at the history of the教宗還應該在歷史上 Spanish Inquisition西班牙宗教裁判所 which was issued (yet again!) by another predecessor of the current Pope, Pope Lucius III.這是發行（又一次！）由另一個前身當前教皇，教皇盧修斯三世。 This papal bull was carried out to the letter under the rule of the Catholic King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, who drove thousands of Muslims and Jews out of the Iberian Peninsula at the fall of Granada in 1492, either by expelling them or forcibly converting them to Christianity.這是教皇的牛進行了該信的統治下，天主教國王費迪南德和王后伊莎貝拉，誰開車成千上萬的穆斯林和猶太人出了伊比利亞半島在1492年秋季在格拉納達，不論是強行驅逐他們或將它們轉換為基督教。 P. de Gayangos writes regarding Ximenes:山口加揚戈斯就希梅內斯寫道：

As a result of his endeavours, it is reported that on 8th December 1499 about three thousand Moors were baptized by him and a leading mosque in Granada was converted into a church.由於他的努力結果，據報導，在1499年12月8日約 3000摩爾的洗禮，他和領導清真寺在格拉納達被轉換成一所教堂。 'Converts' were encouraged to surrender their Islamic books, several thousands of which were destroyed by Ximenes in a public bonfire. '轉換'，鼓勵交出他們的伊斯蘭書籍，其中數千摧毀希梅內斯在公眾篝火。 A few rare books on medicine were kept aside for the University of Alcala.一些罕見的醫學書籍被扔在一邊的阿爾卡拉大學。 ^{5 5}

For eight centuries, Islam had been the faith not only of immigrant Arabs and Berbers but of native Spaniards who were always the majority. 8世紀，伊斯蘭教一直是信仰不只是阿拉伯人和柏柏爾人的移民，但本土西班牙人誰總是多數。 The “Inquisition” made no differentiation; and it brought to an end one of the most glorious chapters in the history of inter-religious living and co-operation.的“宗教裁判所”沒有差別，以及它帶來的結束一個最輝煌的歷史篇章間的宗教生活和合作。

It is also a historical fact that the Catholic Church in Germany and Italy had這也是一個歷史事實，天主教教會在德國和意大利 a mutual agreement相互協議 with Hitler and Mussolini, and they were never condemned in their respective countries even though the “official” position of the Church was that Nazism is explicitly condemned.希特勒和墨索里尼，他們從未在其各自國家的譴責，即使“官方”的立場，教會是納粹主義是明確的譴責。 It is also這也是 a fact事實 that there are photographs of Catholic priests, Lutheran ministers, and Catholic bishops and cardinals with Hitler and even giving the Hitler salute.有照片的天主教神父，路德部長，和天主教主教和紅衣主教與希特勒，甚至給希特勒致敬。 Both men were responsible for heinious war crimes and genocides in their own nations as well as in the Second World War.這兩名男子分別負責 heinious戰爭罪和種族滅絕在自己的國家以及在第二次世界戰爭。

It seems that Christians are fixated with the image of the Crusades and the idea of a “holy war”.看來，基督徒則熱衷與十字軍東征的形象和觀念的一個“神聖的戰爭”。 It was after all George Bush, a born-again Christian, in the aftermath of the horrendous September 11 attacks on New York who這畢竟是喬治布什，一個天生的基督徒，在之後的9月11日的可怕襲擊紐約誰 first used首次使用 the word “crusade” in response to the 9/11 attack. “This crusade,” he said, “this war on terrorism.” Yet again it was twenty million Red Indians who were killed by Christians in the early history of the United States.單詞“十字軍”，因應9 / 11攻擊。“這場戰鬥，”他說，“這對恐怖主義的戰爭。”然而，這又是20000000印第安人誰被打死的基督徒在早期歷史的美國。 Africans were also kidnapped by these so-call Christians to work in the cotton fields of the South and it was only after the American Civil War which only then ended slavery.非洲人還綁架了這些所謂的基督徒工作在棉花領域的南方，它只是在美國南北戰爭中才結束奴隸制。 Even so, discrimination of the Afro-Americans in North America persist until today.即便如此，歧視非裔美國人在北美堅持到今天。

Despite all the evidence above showing the ugliness of Christian history, the Pope still chooses to attack and demean Islam.儘管所有的證據顯示上述醜惡歷史的基督教，教皇仍然選擇攻擊和貶低伊斯蘭教。 On the contrary, there were non-Muslims who said good things about Islam.相反，有非穆斯林說盡好話誰對伊斯蘭教。 The philospher George Bernard Shaw said that:在理學大師蕭伯納說：

“I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality. “我一直認為宗教對穆罕默德的高度評價，因為它美妙的生命力。 It is the only religion which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence which can make itself appeal to every age.這是唯一的宗教，在我看來擁有的吸收能力，以不斷變化的階段存在，可以使自己呼籲每一個時代。 I have studied him – the wonderful man and in my opinion far from being an anti-Christ, he must be called the Savior of Humanity.我研究過他 - 這美麗的人，在我看來遠遠不是一個反基督的，他必須被稱為人類的救世主。

I believe that if a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world he would succeed in solving its problems in a way that would bring it the much needed peace and happiness: I have prophesied about the faith of Muhammad that it would be acceptable to the Europe of tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of today.”我相信，如果一個男人像他這樣的人擔任專政的現代世界，他將成功地解決其問題的方式，它會帶來急需的和平與幸福：我對信仰的預言，這將是穆罕默德歐洲接受的，因為它是明天開始被接受歐洲的今天。“ ^{6 6}

Mohandas K. Gandhi, the spiritual icon of India's resistance movement, said in Young India :聖雄甘地光，精神圖標印度的抵抗運動，在年輕的印度說：

“I wanted to know the best of one who holds today's undisputed sway over the hearts of millions of mankind….I became more than convinced that it was not the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of life. “我想知道誰擁有最好的一今天的無可爭議的心動搖了數以百萬計的人類 ...。我變得比認為這不是一個地方贏得劍為伊斯蘭教在那些日子裡生活的計劃。 It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the Prophet, the scrupulous regard for his pledges, his intense devotion to this friends and followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his absolute trust in God and in his own mission.這是僵化的簡單性，完全自謙的先知，一個廉潔方面為他的競選承諾，他的這種強烈的事業心的朋友和追隨者，他的無畏，他的無畏，他的絕對信任上帝和他自己的使命。 These and not the sword carried everything before them and surmounted every obstacle.這些劍進行，而不是他們面前的一切障礙和克服一切。 When I closed the 2nd volume (of the Prophet's biography), I was sorry there was not more for me to read of the great life.”當我結束了第二卷（在先知的傳記），我很遺憾沒有再為我閱讀了偉大的生命。“

Michael H. Hart commented on the following on why he chose the Prophet Muhammad at the top of his list:邁克爾 H哈特談到了他為什麼選擇了以下的先知穆罕默德，他在上面的列表：

“My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world's most influential persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the religious and secular level.” “我選擇穆罕默德領導名單是世界上最有影響力的人可能有些讀者感到驚訝，並可能受到質疑別人，但他是唯一一個在歷史上誰是超級成功的同時在宗教和世俗的水平。” ^{7 7}

Lamartine best sums it up by saying:拉馬丁最好概括起來說：

“Philosopher, orator, apostle, legislator, warrior, conqueror of ideas, restorer of rational dogmas, of a cult without images; the founder of twenty terrestrial empires and of one spiritual empire, that is Muhammad. “哲學家，演說家，使徒，立法委員，戰士，征服者的想法，恢復理性的教條，一個邪教組織無圖像;的創始人，20陸地帝國和一個精神帝國，這是穆罕默德。 As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may well ask, is there any man greater than he?”至於所有的人類偉大文明的標準，可衡量，我們可能會問，有沒有人超過他？“ ^{8 8}

With all these comments by these eminent figures of the 20th century, what reason does the Pope have to quote from an ignorant, barbaric Byzantine emperor?所有這些評論，這些傑出人物在20世紀，沒有什麼理由教皇有引述一個無知，野蠻的拜占庭皇帝？

Conclusions 結論

The damage that the Pope had done, whether consciously or unconsciously, have certainly reversed the peace-making efforts and bridging of relations by這種損害，教皇做了，無論是自覺或不自覺地，有一定扭轉了和平作出努力，並以彌合關係 his predecessor他的前任 , who was also the first Pope to step foot into a mosque when ，誰是第一個也是教皇步腳到清真寺時 he visited他訪問了 the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and paid a visit to the grave of the Prophet Yahya (John the Baptist).在倭馬亞清真寺在大馬士革訪問，付出了嚴重的先知葉海亞（施洗約翰）。 The current Pope is nowhere as magnamious as his predecessor and clearly he is trying to undo the efforts of the previous Pope.目前教皇是遠不及magnamious作為他的前任和他顯然是想撤消先前的努力教皇。

However he should not be ignorant of facts.但是他不應該無知的事實。 Freedom of expression should not include lies.言論自由不應該包括所在。 The Pope should verify his facts, as the Qur'an tells us Muslims in Surah Hujurat, 49:6 as follows:教宗應驗證他的事實，因為古蘭經告訴我們穆斯林Surah Hujurat，49:6如下：

“O People who Believe! “啊，人誰相信！ If any miscreant brings you some tidings, verify it, lest you unknowingly cause suffering to some people, and then remain repenting for what you did.” 如果您有任何惡棍帶來福音，驗證，免得你在不知不覺中對一些人造成痛苦，懺悔，然後繼續為你做了什麼。“

And only God knows best!而且，只有上帝知道最好的！

1. De Lacy O'Leary, Islam at the Crossroads , p.代拉齊奧利裡， 伊斯蘭教在十字路口 ，第 8 [ 8 [ back背面 ] ]
2. August C. Krey, The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eye Witnesses and Participants (Gloucester, Massachusetts: Peter Smith, 1958) [八月三克里， 第一遠征：帳務的目擊者和參與者 （格洛斯特，馬薩諸塞州：彼得史密斯，1958）[ back背面 ] ]
3. Joel T. Rosenthal,喬爾噸塔爾 Encarta Encarta [ [ back背面 ] ]
4. Philip Schaff,菲利普沙夫， History of the Christian Church 歷史上的基督教堂 , Volume V, Chapter 7 [ ，第五卷，第7章[ back背面 ] ]
5. P de Gayangos, “Muhammadan Dynasties in Spain” , Vol. P代加揚戈斯，“Muhammadan時期在西班牙”，2005年。 II.二。 [ [ back背面 ] ]
6. The Genuine Islam , Vol. 正版伊斯蘭教 ，卷。 1, No. 8, 1936 [ 1，第8號，1936年[ back背面 ] ]
7. Michael H. Hart, The 100: A Ranking of The Most Influential Persons in History , New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc., 1978, p.邁克爾H哈特，100：甲排名最有影響力的人的歷史 ，紐約：哈特出版公司，公司，1978年，第 33 [ 33 [ back背面 ] ]
8. Histoire De La Turquie , Paris, 1854, Vol. 歷史學代拉Turquie，巴黎，1854年，第。 II, pp. 276-277 [二，頁。276-277 [ back背面 ] ]