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5- 2007

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Majid Fakhry

study1 Wensinck , impertinent. , , Wensinck, 1936, .

: ? , Summa Theologica St. (D. 1274) . Wensinck (erkenntnislehre) Muslim Creed2, , , , , al-Ghazali's existence.3 , , .

2 ; Al-Maqal Fasl `al-Kashf al-Adillah Manahij, Ibn Rushd (D. 1198) . , : viz. tallies -- . « ,» , , « , - viz. (al-shar') enjoins commends » 4 -- Qur'anic. al-Khasf, 3 :

(1) Literalist altogether5 (`) al-sam only.6

(2) arites ` ( tazilites `Mu) temporality (huduth) (jawaz), ;

(3) Sufis apprehend « ,» Ibn Rushd , « » , , men.7

(erkenntnis) al-Baghdadi's (D. 1037) Usul al-Din.8 al-Baghdadi , tazilite `Mu 9th , (ani `ma), (ilm `), etc. suggests.9 al-Baqilani (D. 1013), Kalam, Tamhid.

Usul, Wensinck , .

Baghdadi (ilm `), presuppositions, , etc. Kant epistemology. , al-Baghdadi « » « , , , , , (jawaz) (taklif),» 10, etc.

p.

expounding , (`al-shar), arites ` (ashabuna) temporality , etc., , (jawaz) , therefrom revelation.11

, , , etc. « monotheist» ; , , --, grace.12 tazilah `Mu, ontheonehand, , , come.13

2 : , , tazilah `Mu arites ` , Ibn Rushd, demonstrability . : arites ` « ,» tazilah `Mu .

tazilah `Mu, (kalam) , , demonstrability , , . , Anas B. Malik (D. 795) . Sufis, apprehended , non-rational : .

Traditionalism Sufism , , , , latter.

( aitiological ), , , mundi novitate (al-huduth dalil), mundi contingenti (al-jawaz dalil), , , .

, , , Aristotelianism: Avicenna (D. 1037) Averroes (D. 1198). Mutakallims; teleological (inayah) `al- dalil Qur'an, 14 , .

philosophers, Kalam. Al-Ghazali (D. 1111) , 17 Tahafut ; , . , (cum se non se: bihi la indahu `) , habit.15

foregoing Wensinck mundi novitate ` motus parte -Thomist ex et ex efficientis16 ratione , Mutakallims. , ( Mutakallims, ); , Maimonides (D. 1204) Aquinas (D. 1272) , ( Mutakallims ). , universe.17

Kalam : newness temporality (al-huduth). vehemence . Ibn Hazm, Zahiri heresiographer, 1064, . Muslims non-Muslim. Al-Ghazali, , Tahafut , philosophers.

Mutakallims temporality , God.18 . ( arad `) , 2 , . Al-Bailani (D. 1013) , ari `Al- , « . » 19

, (. al-juz') inhere - (baqa') them.20 , , , . temporality temporality arite `, scholasticism. , scantiness , tazilite `Mu ; ari `Al- , , tazilah `Mu .

Mutakallims , 5 Ibn Hazm, Zahiri (D. 1064) Fisal; 21 , Ibn Hazm , , temporality, , completeness.22

ari `Al-, `Asakir Ibn (D. 571 A.H.), ari `Al- al-Fusul Kitab, Materialists philosophers `, ' professed , 23 , , . al-Shahrastani ari `Al- (al-ibtal), 24 , Ibn Hazm, al-Razi , . Ibn Hazm temporality (. shakhs) , , .

finitude 3 : , , Ibn Hazm Mutakallims, finitude finitude , finitude inhere finitude transitoriness . . determinate, . absurdum reductio. , , , :

(a) , hitherto.

(b) ( ) 30 , 11.000 another.25

(c) Hijrah (622 A.D.) .

, , , -, -, -, . . (awwal). 26

Ibn Hazm . al-Ghazali al-Razi (D. 1209) , , . , Maimonides (D. 1204), , Mutakallims Philoponus (D. 568), mundi De aeternitate, Proclus universe27 - Mutakallims Ibn Hazm .

temporality , Mutakallims (hadith) (muhdith), « ». - , --, (murajjih) whereby -; «» -- -- .

Al-Baqilani (D. 1013), arite ` Kalam, succinct . (hadith), , Fashioner (musawwir wa muhdith), « , . » 28

, , 2 term ` . -, « » (muqaddiman qaddamahu) ; « » . , (jawaz) `. ` «» ` ; «» God.29

3 , , « » . , , resupposes temporality. , mundi contingentia (al-jawaz dalil) Al-Juwayni (D. 1086) Averroes al-Khasf, , al-Risalat al-Nizamiyyah.30 , Wensinck , 31 Ibn Sina (D. 1037) , al-Farabi (D. 950) , Madkour al-Farabi.32 , al-Irshad, al-Juwayni temporality huduth:

« temporality (hadath) , () (al-wujud muftatah), ( ) (mukhassis) . » 33

al-Baghdadi's, expounded al- `Usul, al-Baqilani al-Juwayni. , , subsistent 2 . , , ari `al- Abul-Hasan `? 34 `al-Luma Kitab , .

ari `Al- Qur'anic. stringency ` « , leech ,» Qur'an . (tahawwul), , « ; » , 35 « .» 0N `al-Luma, , arite Kalam ` 10th Qur'an . al-Baqilani syllogistic . , .

Kalam . Ibn Khaldun Kalam ` moderns Al-Ghazali.36 philosophical ` Kalam al-Ghazali , al-Juwayni al-Baqilani, . , , , , ari `Al-, 10th .

al-Ghazali's . -, ; , Mutakallims, . Wensinck al-Ghazali, , al-Ghazali, , 37 . al-Ghazali Mutakallim mundi novitate . Succinct `Itiqad fi'l- al-Iqtisad Kitab, , arites `, « .» Syllogism :

    (hadith) . . .

hadith, al-Ghazali , « .» , ` world «» (mumkin) .. « .» «» (murajjih) - «» not-being.38

, al-Ghazali 17 al-Tahafut, . Al-Ghazali, , determinant `(.. murajjih) . , Mutakallims.

Tawallud ( ), , Usul al-Din39 al-Baghdadi, 1037, al-Tahafut. , . , al-Razi al- Fakhr (D. 1209) subtlest , illah ` God.40

al-Razi's `Kitab al-Arba , , , Wensinck monograph.41 Al- Razi 4 .

  • (Imkan) (al-wujud wajib), . (P. 70f)
  • , , , . (pp. 84-86)
  • temporality (P. 86), ;
  • temporality . (P. 91)

4 - al-Razi (P. 67) - 2: temporality (huduth) (imkan). - ; viz. al-Razi's, , , - (`adam al-). - (jawaz imkan); viz. , (1), (2), .

Al- Razi, Mutakallims, , 2 , Ibn Sina , 42 . Al-Razi, , «» (al-muhdath) « » « - ,» , « . » 43

dwell 2 . -, temporality, (P. 70) posited , , , . 2 2 . mundi novitate , - , mundi contingentia.

, positing . al-Razi, , 2 (al-daur) regressus (al-tasalsul). 44 , , viz. , 2 , , , al-Razi 45 :

« (lul `ma) . 2 () , , . , , .» (p.81).

regressus , al-Razi , latter - .., - .

1. , , . . « a fortiori .» , (mu'aththir) , .

2. --, -- , , (a) , (b) - , (c) - . (a) . (b) , , , . (viz.: ); latter . - (c). -- possibles , Being.46

3. (l) 5 . , .

(a) (b) , - - ; (b) , 4 ; , 4 . , ( ud `tasa) infinite.47 --, ; , ontheonehand, --, case.48

al-Razi, , « » Kalam . reintroduced Aristotelianism 11th . perusal Ibn Sina. readmission 2 . , al-Mawaqif al-Iji (D. 1355) Al-Jurjani al-Maqasid al-Taftazani (D. 1389) - . . , . ��������� ���������� ����� bismika ������������ ��������� ��� ������������� ���

, 47:1957, pp. 133-145
  1. La Théologie Musulmane dans Les preuves de l'existence de Dieu, der Konink Mededeelingen. Akademie Wetenschappen, Deel 81, Serie a, 2, , 1936. []
  2. , 1937, pp. 249f. []
  3. Ibid., P. 8 P. 9 []
  4. Cf. op. cit., , 1935, P. 9 []
  5. Fasl, P. 11 []
  6. Kashf, P. 42 []
  7. Ibid., P. 63 []
  8. Stambul Ed., 1928, pp. 4-32 []
  9. Cf. Maqalat, Stambul, 1930, pp. 372-3, 391 F., 471f. []
  10. Cf. op. cit., P. 14 []
  11. p. 24. al-Iqdam Nihayat, Shahrastani ascribes ari `Al- « , (tajib) .» P. 371 []
  12. Ibid. []
  13. Ibid., P. 26 al-Shahrastani, Milal, P. 31 []
  14. Cf. Kashf, P. 45 Wensinck, op. cit., P. 23 []
  15. Cf. Tahafut, Ed. Bouyges, 1927, Cp P. 285. Hume, , 1941, P. 165, 93 []
  16. Op. cit., pp. 26-27 []
  17. Cf. Maimonides, Averroes Aquinas, Les Museon, 1953, LXVI, pp. 139f []
  18. Usul, P. 33 []
  19. Cf. Tamhid, , 1947, P. 42, Cp. Maqalat, P. 370, 8:67 46:24 Qur'an . []
  20. Cf. Usul, P. 56 Tahafut, P. 88. . al-Mashriq, 47, 1953, pp. 151-172, , Isalmische Atomanlehere, , 1936. []
  21. Bk. I, , 1317 H.A., F. pp. 3 []
  22. Ibn Hazm al-Kindi (D. 870?) : « Finitude ». Cf. al Falsafiyyah al-Kindi Rasa'il, , 1950, pp. 201 ff. []
  23. Al-Mufatari Tabyin Kadhib, Damascus, 1347 A.H., P. 128 []
  24. Niyahat, P. 11 []
  25. al-Ghazali, Tahafut, P. 32 Iqtisad, P. 18 []
  26. Arabic (awwal) «» «» «firstness», . []
  27. Cf. Perplexed, ENG, TRANS., 1947, P. 109 al-Fihrist, Leipsig, 1871, VOL. i., P. 254. Cf. De Philoponus, al-Ghazali's , , 1903, P. 159. []
  28. Cf. Tamhid , 1948, P. 45 []
  29. Op. , antedate cit., al-Baqilani al-Juwayni (1065) , Wensinck ascribes al-Juwayni. []
  30. Cf., op. cit., P. 54-56. Wensinck. []
  31. Ibid., P. 55. al-Baqilani's Tamhid J. McArthy R., , 1957. []
  32. Al-Farabi et sa philosphique Arabe l'école dans []
  33. Op. cit., P. 16 []
  34. mundi novitate al-Kindi (D. 870?) . , , arite `. Al-Kindi, tazilite `Mu . []
  35. `Al-Luma Kitab, Ed. Macarthy, Beyrouth, 1952, P. 6 tallies Shahrastani Nihayat, P. 12 Milal, P. 66. []
  36. Cf. al-Muqaddimah, ed. De Slane, Cp P. 61. Gardet, , 1948, P. 72 []
  37. Op. cit., F.P. 8 []
  38. Cf. op. cit., , N.D., P. 14 []
  39. Ibid., P. 137 []
  40. Cf. `Kitab al-Arba , pp. 71, 77, 69, etc. []
  41. `Kitab al-Arba 1934, Wensinck 1936. al-Razi's al-Anwar `Tawali al-Ghayb Mafatih. []
  42. Al-Najat Kitab, , 1331, pp. 347 363 []
  43. Op. P. 86 cit. []
  44. Op. cit. pp. 80-84 []
  45. Baidawi Wensinck, op. cit., p, 13 []
  46. Ibn Sina, al-Najat, , 1331, P. 383 []
  47. Ibn Hazm finitude -- cf. Fisal, I, P. 16 []
  48. `Kitab al-Arba , P. 83 []
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:

Allah () ,

5 " "

  1. :
    11- 2007 5:54 pm

    - ,

  2. Salman :
    5- 2007 7:16 am

    REVIEW>>>> .

  3. Wayfarer :
    29- 2007 11:49 pm

    Assaalamu'alaikum ( ?) &

    MENJ . versed . ?

    [ Naturalism]

    naturalism

    , naturalism 2 : . ( ontological anti-teleological) naturalism . worldview, , , , non-deterministic . ( ) naturalism, ontheonehand, «» , . naturalism ensues naturalism , . ?

    . , , , , «» . , , . , , postmodernists, .

    . , 2 : , , , denigrating , , . , , .

    [ -]

    Qur'an . , - . . , , . , . ; . , - : .

    , . , , , , , vegetal, , , .

    Allaah - & wassalam

  4. HS :
    26- 2007 3:27 am

    , . Sadqa Jariya , ,

  5. MUJE :
    21- 2007 1:09 pm

.