In Praise of Muhammad, the Mercy to All the Worlds在讚美穆罕默德,慈悲為世界所有

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Thursday 05 Apr, 2007星期四2007年4月5日

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Hamza Yusuf哈姆扎優素福

Twenty-six years ago I became a Muslim largely because I fell in love with a beautiful human being. 26年以前我就一個穆斯林,主要是因為我愛上了一個美麗的人。 “I was only sent to perfect noble character,” said the man declared as a “mercy to all the worlds.” “我當時只派完善高尚的品格,”那人說宣布為“仁慈的所有領域。”

As time passed, this love grew as my knowledge of him increased.隨著時間的推移,這種愛是我成長的知識對他有所增加。 I painfully watched his religion hijacked by some for their own ends distorting his message and forgetting that he was indeed a mercy to all the worlds.我痛苦地看著他的宗教劫持一些為自己的目的歪曲他的消息,忘了,他確實是一個仁慈的所有世界。 I am troubled by the media's portrayal of him sometimes in the worst of lights.我感到不安的是媒體描述他有時在最壞的燈光。 How could the man I came to know and love be so vilified and maligned by those who claim to represent him and also by those who aim to be unbiased interpreters?我這個人怎麼能來了解和熱愛如此誹謗和中傷那些聲稱代表誰也由他和那些誰的目標是公正的口譯員?

Muhammad穆罕默德 , peace be upon him, was a shy, reticent man who lived among his people with such high moral character they called him al-Amîn — the Trustworthy.和平是他,是一個害羞,沉默寡言的人誰住在他的人以這樣高的道德品格,他們稱他為基地阿明 -是值得信賴的。

The Prophet of先知的 Islam伊斯蘭教 was born in the city of Mecca, Arabia, into a poor but noble branch of an aristocratic clan known as Quraysh, a people who despised treachery, lies and stupidity, while honouring bravery in battle, generosity in partying, and cleverness in poetry.出生在城市的麥加,沙特阿拉伯,把一個貧窮而崇高的一個貴族家族分支稱為古萊什族,一個人誰鄙視背叛,謊言和愚昧,而在戰鬥中英勇尊重,慷慨的聚會,和聰明的詩歌。

Some families, were so ashamed of their baby girls, that they would bury them alive instead of suffering the possible indignity of future dishonour.有些家庭,如此羞愧的女嬰,他們將埋葬他們活著,而不是遭受屈辱的未來可能拒付。 The religion of the Arabs at the time was a hodge-podge of superstition, divination and idolatry.宗教對阿拉伯人在當時是一個大雜燴的迷信,算命和偶像崇拜。 To them, man's life ended with his death and his afterlife was based on his military exploits might be immortalized by a poets tongue.對他們來說,人的生命,結束了他的死亡與他的來世是基於他的軍事攻擊可能是由一個不朽的詩人舌頭。

The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, was born into this world on April 9th, 570, Christian era in the lunar month of Rabi'a al-Awwal.先知穆罕默德,願他安息,出生到這個世界上4月9日,570,公元在農曆每月的Rabi'a基地Awwal。 His father, Abdallah died during his mother's pregnancy.他的父親,阿卜杜拉在他去世的母親在懷孕。 And for the first four years he was raised in the relative purity of the desert by a Bedouin woman named Halimah.與前4年中,他提出了這個相對純度由貝都因人在沙漠女子名為哈莉瑪。 After which he returned to his mother, Aminah.接著,他回到他的母親,Aminah。 But in his seventh year, his mother died leaving him in the care of his grandfather.但在他的第七個年頭,他的母親去世時他在照顧他的祖父。

At the age of twenty-five, he was employed as a commercial agent by Lady Khadijah, a successful widow from his own clan.在年齡 25,他受聘為商業代理人夫人Khadijah,一個成功的寡婦從他自己的氏族。 She soon recognized his honesty and good nature and proposed marriage.她很快認識到他的誠實和良好的性質,並提出結婚。 Although fifteen years younger than she was, he accepted her proposal, and fathered six of his seven children with her.雖然 15年比她年輕的時候,他接受了她的建議,並生了六個孩子,他與她的7個。

At the age of forty, it had become his custom to escape the idolatry of Meccan society by seeking solitude in a cave on the mountain known as “the Mountain of Light.” In the solitary confines of his small cave a voice pierced his consciousness declaring: “Recite!”在年齡 40,它已成為他的習慣,以逃避社會偶像崇拜的麥加在尋求孤獨在山上一個山洞裡被稱為“山光。”在孤獨的範圍小洞穴,他的聲音刺穿他的意識聲明:“念!”

Alarmed and shivering he fled to his wife, begging her to wrap him in a cloak.深感震驚並顫抖他逃到他的妻子,乞求她總結他在斗篷。 He feared for his sanity, concerned that a desert spirit or poetic muse might be pursuing him.他擔心他的理智,關注的是沙漠或精神追求詩意的靈感可能是他。 More revelations soon followed and Muhammad came to the understanding that he was not only a prophet in a long line of prophets, but that he was the last of them who was sent with a universal message.不久之後更多的啟示和穆罕默德來到理解是,他不僅是在一長排先知的先知,但他是誰,他們最後被送往一個普遍信息。

As the days passed his revelations increased and they were powerfully rhythmic punctuated with intoxicating messages that challenged listeners to reflect on everyday miracles such as the alternation of the night and day隨著日子一天天過去增加他的啟示和有力的節奏被打斷,他們與挑戰聽眾陶醉的消息反映在日常的奇蹟,如交替的晝夜

These revelations revealed to Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, came to be known as the Qur'an, the Muslim holy book.這些透露給穆罕默德的啟示,和平與祝福他,後來被稱為古蘭經,穆斯林的聖書。 For thirteen years he invited his clan to worship one God, sit with slaves in spiritual solidarity, respect women as soul-full equals and the source of human mercy, care for the widow, the orphan, the weak and the oppressed.對於 13年,他邀請他的部族崇拜一個上帝,坐在奴隸團結精神,尊重婦女的靈魂和源泉充分等於人類憐憫,照顧寡婦,孤兒,弱者和被壓迫者。

At first people ridiculed his message and accused him of attempting “to make the gods one.” His message threatened his people's financial control of the markets of Mecca where pilgrims from all over Arabia came to spend their wealth.起初人們嘲笑他的信息,並指責他企圖“使神之一。”他的信息威脅他的人的財務控制市場的麥加朝聖者來自全國各地的地方來度過他們的阿拉伯財富。

When his clan failed to stop his preaching they plotted to kill him in his sleep.當他的家族未能阻止他的說教,他們策劃要殺死他,他的睡眠。 But he was warned by the Angel Gabriel and told to flee in the cover of darkness to Madina with his beloved friend and lifelong companion Abu Bakr.但他警告說,天使Gabriel和逃離蓋到麥地那的黑暗與他心愛的朋友,終生伴侶阿布巴克爾。

Setting out, the two sought refuge in a cave to escape the skilled trackers of Mecca hot on their trail.放樣,兩個在一個山洞裡避難,以躲避熟練追踪者麥加炎熱的線索。 The bounty hunters quickly came upon the cave, but a spider's web had already covered the entrance and a dove with her young rested in a nest above it.賞金獵人迅速來到洞穴,而是一個蜘蛛網已經覆蓋入口和鴿子在她的年輕在於它上面築巢。

When the posse left and the two felt safe again, they continued their journey to the city of Yathrib.當波西左右兩個感到安全了,他們繼續他們的旅程到城市的耶斯里卜。 And as they entered it the young girls and children of Bani Najjar came out chanting lines of poetry which is still sung all over the world in remembrance of this auspicious occasion.當他們進入它的年輕女孩和兒童巴尼納賈爾喊出來的詩行目前仍在世界各地傳唱在紀念這個吉祥的日子。

The name Yathrib was changed to Medina, city of hope.這個名字耶斯里卜改為梅迪納,城市的希望。 It became a city founded on the brotherhood of virtue.它成為一個城市建立在兄弟情誼的美德。 The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, enacted a treaty uniting the once warring groups.先知,和平與祝福時,他頒布了一項條約一旦交戰團體的團結。 He secured the rights of the Jewish minority by granting them full citizenship and freedom to practice their religion without constraint.他擔保的權利的猶太少數民族,給予他們充分的公民和自由從事宗教活動沒有限制。

Days after his arrival in Medina he began the construction of a mosque, a sanctuary of prayer and meditation, in the centre of the city.幾天後,他的到來,他在麥地那開始建造了一座清真寺,一個庇護的祈禱和冥想,在中心城市。 And he had his companions; the Muslims create their own marketplace in order to ensure economic strength.他有他的同伴;穆斯林建立自己的市場,以確保經濟實力。

The Meccans, sensing that a rising power was now emerging in the peninsula, plotted ways of subverting the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his growing community of believers.該 Meccans,傳感,一個崛起的大國,現在出現在半島,策劃如何顛覆先知,和平與祝福他,和他的信徒越來越多的社區。

And the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who had practiced a strict pacifism in Mecca for thirteen years and disliked the use of coercive force, was now given permission by God to defend against any attacks by his enemies.和先知,和平與祝福他,誰也實行了嚴格的和平主義在麥加為 13年,不喜歡使用脅迫性武力,現在獲准由神來抵禦任何攻擊他的敵人。 The Qur'an declared, “Fighting has been prescribed for you and you detest it, but perhaps you detest something and in it is much good.古蘭經宣布,“戰鬥已經規定了你,你討厭它,但也許你討厭的東西,在它是非常好的。 And perhaps you love something and in it is much harm, and God knows and you do not know.”也許你喜歡的東西,在它是大的傷害,天知道,你不知道。“ 1

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Never desire to meet your enemies, rather ask God for peace and well-being; but should you be forced to meet them, then act courageously.”先知,和平與祝福時,他說:“永遠不要滿足您的願望的敵人,而是求神的和平與幸福,但你應該被迫與他們見面,然後勇敢地採取行動。” 2 2

Muslims are not ashamed of their Prophet's teaching about war.穆斯林不是羞恥的先知的教導有關戰爭。 On the contrary, for us it is a great source of pride.相反,對我們來說是一個偉大的來源驕傲。 He was courageous as a great lion against the strong and oppressive yet gentle as a shepherd with the weak and the oppressed.他作為一個偉大的勇敢的獅子的強烈反對和壓迫而溫柔,就像一個牧羊人的弱者和被壓迫者。

The true object of war fought for God should always be peace.戰爭的真正目的應該爭取上帝永遠是和平。 What the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, taught is that Muslims fight for a just cause only.什麼先知,和平與祝福他,教的是,穆斯林爭取正義的事業只。 In this world, there are only two choices: two sides, truth and justice or falsehood and oppression.在這個世界上,只有兩種選擇:雙方,真理和正義或謊言和壓迫。 You don't have to be a Muslim to understand that.你不必是一個穆斯林理解這一點。

After years of conflict between members of his clan and his followers, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had a revelation that he should visit the sacred mosque.經過多年的成員之間的衝突,他家族和他的追隨者,先知,和平與祝福他,有一個啟示,他應該訪問的神聖清真寺。 In the eighth year after his migration to Medina the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, set out for Mecca but his adversaries refused to allow him in. They sent out an arbitrator to strike an agreement that would bring the stand-off to an end.在第八個年頭後,他遷移到麥地那先知,和平與祝福他,規定了麥加,但他拒絕讓他的對手,只有他們派出一名仲裁員達成協議,罷工將帶來的對峙,以一結束。 And on every point of this treaty the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, compromised his own position in pursuit of peace.和每一點這個條約的先知,和平與祝福他,損害了自己的立場,追求和平。

On the journey back to Medina some of the companions were deeply troubled by what had just taken place and disappointed that they were thwarted from visiting the sanctuary.在旅途回梅迪納一些同伴被深深困擾剛剛發生了什麼事,他們感到失望和挫敗前往聖殿。 When asked to explain, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, replied, “Did I say it was going to be this year?”當被要求解釋,先知,和平與祝福時,他回答道:“難道我說這是將是今年的?”

And so the following year, in accordance with the treaty, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his followers performed a pilgrimage completely unmolested.所以下一年,根據該條約,先知,和平與祝福他,和他的追隨者進行了一個朝聖完全不受干擾。 But soon his clan the Quraysh broke their end of the deal, massacring another clan with alliance to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, attacking them even in the sacred precinct.但很快他的家族打破了他們的quraysh結束交易,屠殺與另一部族聯盟,先知,和平與祝福他,攻擊他們甚至在神聖區。 Abu Sufyan, the head of the Prophet's enemies, attempted to restore the truce but it was too late.阿布蘇夫揚,頭部的先知的敵人,企圖恢復停火,但為時已晚。 News of the massacre enraged the believers and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, summoned all of the Muslims capable of bearing arms to march on Mecca.新聞大屠殺激怒信徒和先知,和平與祝福時,他召見所有的穆斯林能夠攜帶武器至3月在麥加。 When the nearly ten thousand Muslims arrived on the outskirts of the city, the Quraysh realized they did not stand a chance and people either fled or stayed in their homes.當了近1.0萬穆斯林抵達郊區的城市,實現他們的quraysh沒有立場的機會和人士要么逃離或留在自己的家園。

And so it was, after years of persecution, the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, marched triumphant into the city of his birth at the head of the largest army ever assembled in Arabian因此它是,經過多年的迫害,先知,和平與祝福他,行軍勝利進入城市,他出生在頭最大的阿拉伯軍隊阿克塞羅德 history歷史 . With his head bowed in humility he declared a general amnesty and granted war criminals refuge.隨著他的謙遜,他的頭鞠躬宣布大赦,並給予戰犯避難。

His overwhelming magnanimity of character led to a mass conversion among the citizens of Mecca.他壓倒寬宏大量的性格導致了大規模的公民之間的轉換麥加。 Even Abu Sufyan, his archenemy, embraced the religion of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him.即使阿布蘇夫揚,他的宿敵,接受了宗教的先知,和平與祝福他。 In the months that followed, almost all of Arabia dispatched representatives to swear allegiance to this Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and to enter in the faith of Islam.在隨後的幾個月裡,幾乎所有的阿拉伯派出的代表宣誓效忠這個先知,和平與祝福他,並輸入在信仰伊斯蘭教。 In a period of twenty-three years Muhammad, peace be upon him, had succeeded in uniting a feuding people trapped in cycles of violence into one people with a sense of destiny and a mission that would transform the world.在一期23年穆罕默德,願他安息,已成功地團結在一個爭鬥的人被困在一個週期的暴力的人有意識的命運和使命,將改變世界。

He elevated the low, and he lowered the elevated that they might meet in that middle place known as brotherhood.他提高了低,他降低了提升,他們可能在這中間的地方見面稱為兄弟。 He infused in them a love of learning unleashing a creative power that would lead to some of the most extraordinary scientific breakthroughs in human history.他在其中注入一個熱愛學習的創造性力量,發動會導致一些最不尋常的科學突破,人類的歷史。

He died on the same day he was born, in the same house he had lived in for ten years in Medina, on a small bed made of leather stuffed with palm fibres, in the arms of his beloved wife Aishah.他死在同一天,他出生在同一所房子裡,他一直住在10年在麥地那,在一個小床由皮革塞滿了棕櫚纖維,在武器的愛妻 Aishah。 His dying words were, “Treat your women well, and do not oppress your servants, the prayer, the prayer, don't be neglectful of the prayer.他的遺言是,“把你的女人好,不壓迫你的僕人,在祈禱,祈禱,不要疏忽了祈禱。 O God, my highest companion, O highest companion.”上帝啊,我的最高的同伴啊,最高的伴侶。“

But the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, was more than just a great historical person, he was a father and friend, a husband, a companion and above all he was a human being.但先知,和平與祝福他,更不僅僅是一個偉大的歷史人物,他是一個父親和朋友,一個丈夫,一個最重要的伴侶和他是一個人。 The Prophet's unique physical appearance, his high character and willingness to sacrifice for others, are often at the essence of any description of him.先知獨特的外表,他的崇高品格和願意犧牲他人,往往是在本質的描述他。 He was once described by a contemporary in the following words:他曾描述了一個當代在以下文字:

“The Messenger of God was imposing and majestic. “上帝的使者是實行和雄偉。 His face was luminous like a full moon.他的臉像一個明亮的滿月。 He was taller than medium but not excessive in height.他身高超過中等但不是過分的高度。 He had wavy hair, which he parted and it never went beyond his shoulders.他有波浪形的頭髮,他分手,卻一直沒有超越他的肩膀。 He was light-skinned with a high brow.他輕皮膚具有高額頭。 He had full eyebrows and a small space between them.他有充分的眉毛和它們之間的一個小空間。 He had a fine, aquiline nose.他有一個良好的,鷹鉤鼻子。 His beard was full, his eyes black.他的鬍子是充分,他的眼睛黑。 His physique was supple and lithe, with a full chest and broad shoulders.他的體質是柔軟和輕盈,帶有完整的胸部和寬闊的肩膀。 When he walked, he was determined and his pace was as if he was walking down hill.當他走,他決心和他的速度就好像他走下山。

When he spoke he was always brief and reflective.當他談到他總是簡短和反思。 He spoke when he saw benefit and spent long periods in silent contemplation.他談到,當他看到效益,花了很長時間的沉默沉思。 His speech was comprehensive being neither wordy nor laconic.他的講話是全面既不羅嗦,也不簡潔。 He had a mild temperament and was never harsh nor cruel, coarse nor rude.他有一個溫和的氣質和殘酷的,也不是從來沒有苛刻,粗糙,也不粗魯。 He expressed gratitude for everything given to him no matter how insignificant.他對此表示感謝,給他的一切,無論多麼微不足道。 When he spoke, his companions lowered their heads as if birds were perched upon them.當他發言時,他的同伴降低他們的頭上,猶如鳥兒棲在其中。 When he was silent, they felt free to speak.當他沉默,他們認為自由發言。 He never criticized food or praised it excessively.他從來沒有批評過的食物或稱讚它。 He never swore, nor did he find fault in people.他從不發誓,他也沒有找錯在人。 He did not flatter people but praised them when appropriate.他不奉承人,但稱讚他們在適當的時候。

People entered his gatherings as seekers and left enlightened.人們進入他的聚會為求職者和左開明。 He would ask about his companions when they were absent often making inquiries about people's needs.他問他的同伴時,他們往往缺乏對人作出查詢的需要。 He never stood nor sat without mentioning the name of God.他從來不提站著或坐著的真主之名。 He never reserved a special place for himself in a gathering and sat where space provided.他從不保留一個特殊的地方為自己在一個聚會,坐在那裡的空間提供。 He gave each of those who sat with him such full attention that everyone felt that he was the most important person in that gathering.他給每個人誰坐在他的這種充分注意,大家都覺得他是最重要的人在這聚會。 Voices were never raised in his presence.聲音是從未提出在他面前。 The aged were respected for their age and the young were shown compassion for their youth.”老年人的尊重,他們的年齡和年輕的人表現出同情他們的青春。“

The Qur'an reminds Muslims that when they are slandered by those who reject them they should bear it patiently and be forgiving.古蘭經提醒穆斯林說,當他們是誰誣衊那些反對他們,他們應該承擔它耐心,要寬容。 I yearn for a deeper understanding of this man, his gentleness towards children, his love of animals, his concern for the weak and oppressed, his sense of justice tempered always with mercy.我渴望有一個更深的了解這個人,他的溫柔,對孩子,他對動物的愛好,他的關心弱者和被壓迫者,他的正義感脾氣總是與憐憫。

I personally love his humour and his sense of tomfoolery.我個人喜歡他的幽默,他的意識的愚蠢之舉。 He said once, “I joke but always tell the truth.” His wife Aishah said, “he was always making us laugh in the house.” One of his names is ad-dahhak — the smiling one.他說,一次,“我開玩笑,但總是說實話。”他的妻子Aishah說:“他總是讓我們笑在家裡。”之一,他的名字是廣告dahhak -微笑之一。 His humour and cheerfulness even in the face of the most difficult of times is so needed today in our troubled world.他的幽默和快樂,即使在面對最困難的時期是如此,我們今天需要的困擾世界。 I imagine him telling those of us who don't laugh enough to lighten up, to show more gratitude even in what appears to be difficulties.我想像他告訴我們這些誰不笑不足以減輕起來,表現出更多的感激,即使在看來是困難的。 And as for those who laugh too much and do so inappropriately, I imagine that he would ask that they reflect deeper on the condition of humanity and nurture compassion in their hearts.而對於那些誰笑太多,這樣做不恰當,我想他會請他們反映的情況更深入的人道和同情在他們心中培養。

“Those who sin while laughing enter hell crying,” he once said. “誰笑進入地獄罪而哭泣,”他曾經說過。

Once an old woman asked him if she would enter paradise and he replied, “Old people don't go to heaven!” The woman was crestfallen with the answer he had provided, to which he added with a smile, “You shall enter paradise in the prime of your youth.”一旦一個老婦,她問他是否會進入天堂,他回答說:“老人們不會去天堂!”該名女子被灰溜溜的答案,他提供了,對此他笑著說:“你不得進入天堂總理在你的青春。“

The Arabs believed dates made eye infections worse.阿拉伯人認為日期作出眼部感染惡化。 His companion Suhayb was eating dates one day while his left eye was infected.他的同伴Suhayb吃一天的日期,而他的左眼被感染。 The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “Suhayb do you eat dates and your eye is infected?” To which Suhayb said, “I am eating with my right eye only O Messenger of God.” To which the Prophet, peace be and blessings be upon him, laughed heartily.先知,和平與祝福時,他說:“你吃Suhayb日期和你的眼睛受到感染?”為了這 Suhayb說,“我吃我的右眼只有上帝的使者啊。”為其中的先知,平安和祝福他,哈哈大笑。

And once a gruff desert Bedouin came into the mosque and prayed out loud saying, “O God forgive me and Muhammad and don't forgive anyone else.” Hearing this the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, laughed and said to him, “You are limiting the vast mercy of God.”而一旦貝都因人的脾氣暴躁的沙漠走進清真寺祈禱大聲說,“哦,上帝原諒我,穆罕默德,不原諒別人。”聽到這個先知,和平與祝福他,笑著對他說, “你是限制了廣大慈悲的上帝。”

I feel so incredibly grateful and blessed to have come to know him and to learn from him.我覺得很不可思議的感謝和祝福有來認識他,向他學習。 A day of my life has not gone by that I haven't felt indebted to him for the wisdom he has given me in making sense of my life and my world.一天我的生活並沒有過去了,我沒有感到感激他的智慧,他給我的感覺使我的生活和我的世界。

Every day my love for Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, increases.每一天,我的愛為穆罕默德,和平與祝福他,升幅。 Like the vast majority of my fellow believers across the world and through times he is, indeed, the Beloved — the Praised One.就像我的絕大多數同胞在世界各地的信徒,並通過幾次他確實是在敬愛的 - 的讚美之一。

To the solace of his name, simply saying Muhammad, has an incredibly soothing effect on me.對於安慰他的名字,只是說穆罕默德,有一個令人難以置信的鎮靜作用在我身上。 bismika tombstone In Praise of Muhammad, the Mercy to All the Worlds

  1. Qur'an 2:216 [古蘭經 2:216 [ back背面 ] ]
  2. Sahih al-Bukhari [的詞句基地布哈里[ back背面 ] ]
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