Ibn Hazm (994CE-1064CE) was a Muslim scholar of great repute in Cordoba during the Muslim Spain era and is widely regarded as the “Father of Comparative Religion”.伊本哈兹目（994CE - 1064CE）是一个伟大的名声在科尔多瓦的穆斯林在西班牙时代的穆斯林学者，被广泛认为是“比较宗教学之父”认为。 In his celebrated magnum opus entitled Kitab al-Fasl fi al- Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal , he predated modern Biblical textual criticism by several centuries and as Krentz admits, Ibn Hazm's criticisms generally represents the first, albeit rudimentary, systematic historic criticism of the在他的著名代表作题为基塔铝Fasl的科幻基地Milal华铝Ahwa'华铝尼哈尔 ，他早批评了几个世纪的现代圣经的文字和Krentz承认，伊本哈兹目的批评通常代表第一，虽然简陋，系统历史的批评 Bible圣经 ^{1 一} . 。 He had demonstrated his prowess in Biblical textual criticism by giving many examples of他已经证明了他给的例子很多的实力，在圣经的考证 internal contradictions of the Bible内部矛盾的圣经 . 。 The following Bible contradiction is extracted from Muslim Understanding Of Other Religions: A Study of Ibn Hazm's Kitab al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal以下是摘自圣经的矛盾穆斯林宗教理解其他：阿佤研究伊本哈兹目的基塔铝Fasl的科幻基地Milal华铝Ahwa'基地尼哈尔 ^{2 2} and insha'allah this will be part of an ongoing series to reproduce extracts of Ibn Hazm's criticisms of the Bible and和insha'allah这将是一个持续的系列的一部分，再现了伊本哈兹目对圣经的批评提取物和 Christianity基督教 and we will make further elaboration on our part to refine his arguments and further strengthen our case against the Bible.我们将让我们进一步阐述他的论点完善，并进一步加强我们对圣经的案件。

Was Sarah really Abraham's sister? Ibn Hazm questions the status of Sarah as being Abraham's sister as well as his wife , as accepting that viz. , from the Biblical perspective, would result in various disagreements with other passages in the Old Testament concerning moral and theological issues that would contradict each other. 是莎拉真正亚伯拉罕的妹妹？伊本哈兹目问题，在状态撒拉，是亚伯拉罕的妹妹以及他的通道的妻子 ，因为接受这一即。，从圣经的角度上，各种分歧将导致其他旧约关于道德和神学问题会相互矛盾。 This is in reference to the stories of Sarah's seizure by Pharaoh and Abime'elech which was narrated in Genesis 12:10-18 and Genesis 20, Genesis 17:17 and Genesis 20:1-18.这是参考由法老和Abime'elech的萨拉的发作是在创世记12:10-18，创世纪20，创世纪创世纪20:1-18 17:17和叙述故事。

We cite the related passages on the story of the seizure of Sarah as follows.我们举对扣押的故事莎拉的有关段落如下。

Now there was a famine in the land.现在有一个土地饥荒。 So Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there, for the famine was severe in the land.于是亚伯兰就下到埃及寄居的，是为了在土地严重的饥荒。 When he was about to enter Egypt, he said to Sar'ai his wife, “I know that you are a woman beautiful to behold; and when the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'This is his wife'; then they will kill me, but they will let you live.当他正要进入埃及时，他说Sar'ai妻子说：“我知道你是一个女人美丽的外表，而当埃及人看见你，他们会说，'这是他的妻子，然后他们将杀了我，但他们会让你住。 Say you are my sister, that it may go well with me because of you, and that my life may be spared on your account.” When Abram entered Egypt the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful.说你是我妹妹，那它就可能是因为你也有我，我的生活可能在您的帐户中幸免。“当亚伯兰进入埃及，埃及人看见那女人很美丽。 And when the princes of Pharaoh saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh.当法老的王子看到了她，他们称赞她的法老。 And the woman was taken into Pharaoh's house.和女人被带到法老的房子。 And for her sake he dealt well with Abram; and he had sheep, oxen, he-asses, menservants, maidservants, she-asses, and camels.为了她的缘故他处理好与亚伯兰和他有羊，牛，他─驴，仆婢，丫鬟，她，驴和骆驼。 But the LORD afflicted Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sar'ai, Abram's wife. So Pharaoh called Abram, and said, “What is this you have done to me?但耶和华折磨，亚伯兰的妻子Sar'ai法老和他的全家，因为与大灾。 法老就召了亚伯兰来，说：“这是什么，你有我做的？ Why did you not tell me that she was your wife? 你为什么不告诉我她是你的妻子？ ^{3 三}

From there Abraham journeyed toward the territory of the Negeb, and dwelt between Kadesh and Shur; and he sojourned in Gerar.亚伯拉罕从那里起行朝耐格伯领土，加低斯和书珥住，他就寄居在基拉耳。 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, “She is my sister.” And Abim'elech king of Gerar sent and took Sarah.和亚伯拉罕说，撒拉他的妻子说：“她是我妹妹。”和Abim'elech基拉耳王差遣了莎拉。 But God came to Abim'elech in a dream by night, and said to him, “Behold, you are a dead man, because of the woman whom you have taken; for she is a man's wife.” Now Abim'elech had not approached her; so he said, “Lord, wilt thou slay an innocent people? Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister'?但上帝来到Abim'elech在夜间的梦，对他说：“看哪，你是一个死人，因为你取了那女人的人。因为她是男人的妻子：”现在还没有Abim'elech走近她，他说：“主，祢杀死一个无辜的人呢？ 他自己不是他自己对我说，'她是我妹妹？ And she herself said, 'He is my brother.' In the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands I have done this.” Then God said to him in the dream, “Yes, I know that you have done this in the integrity of your heart, and it was I who kept you from sinning against me; therefore I did not let you touch her. 而她自己说，'他是我弟弟。'在心中正直，我和我的清白之手，我这样做了。“神说他的梦想了，”是的，我知道你这样做的你的心完整，谁是我一直反对我从你斯辛宁，所以我没让你碰她。 Now then restore the man's wife; for he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you shall live.现在，然后恢复该名男子的妻子，因为他是一个先知，他会为你祈祷，你将生活。 But if you do not restore her, know that you shall surely die, you, and all that are yours.” So Abim'elech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told them all these things; and the men were very much afraid.但是，如果你不能恢复她，知道你必要死，你，是你的所有“所以Abim'elech玫瑰在清晨，并呼吁所有的佣人，并告诉他们这些东西。和男子非常非常害怕。 Then Abim'elech called Abraham, and said to him, “What have you done to us?然后Abim'elech了亚伯拉罕来，对他说：“你做了什么给我们？ And how have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and my kingdom a great sin?而且我怎么得罪你，你竟使我和我的国大罪？ You have done to me things that ought not to be done.” And Abim'elech said to Abraham, “What were you thinking of, that you did this thing?” Abraham said, “I did it because I thought, There is no fear of God at all in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.你这样做，我认为不应该做的事。“和Abim'elech对亚伯拉罕说：”你是怎么想的，那你做这个东西？“亚伯拉罕说：”我这么做是因为我想，有没有怕神在的地方都在这， 他们会杀了我，因为我的妻子。 Besides she is indeed my sister, the daughter of my father but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. And when God caused me to wander from my father's house, I said to her, 'This is the kindness you must do me: at every place to which we come, say of me, He is my brother.'” Then Abim'elech took sheep and oxen, and male and female slaves, and gave them to Abraham, and restored Sarah his wife to him. 此外，她的确是我的姐姐，父亲的女儿，我的，但不是母亲的女儿，我的，她就成了我的妻子。及当上帝使我徘徊在我父亲的家，我对她说，'这是人们的善心，你必须帮我：在每一个地方，我们来了，我说，他是我弟弟'“然后Abim'elech把羊和牛，男性和女性的奴隶，并给他们以亚伯拉罕，并恢复他的妻子撒拉他。 。 And Abim'elech said, “Behold, my land is before you; dwell where it pleases you.” To Sarah he said, “Behold, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver; it is your vindication in the eyes of all who are with you; and before every one you are righted.” Then Abraham prayed to God; and God healed Abim'elech, and also healed his wife and female slaves so that they bore children.而Abim'elech说：“看哪，我的地都在你面前。住哪里，你”莎拉说：“看哪，我给你哥哥一千银子，这是你在所有的眼睛平反谁是与你同在每个人面前你是纠正“亚伯拉罕向上帝祈祷。与神医治Abim'elech，还治好了他的妻子和女奴隶，使他们生了孩子。 For the LORD had closed all the wombs of the house of Abim'elech because of Sarah, Abraham's wife.因为耶和华已经关闭的Abim'elech因为撒拉，亚伯拉罕的妻子家中的子宫。 ^{4 4}

From the passages that we have cited briefly above, Ibn Hazm raises the following objections which we note as follows:从以上我们简要列举通道，提高了伊本哈兹目，我们注意到以下的反对意见如下：

(a) it is inconceivable that a woman of more than 90 years （一）它是不可思议的是，90岁以上的女人 ^{5 5} was fair and attractive enough to have lured Abime'elech;是公平和有足够的吸引力吸引Abime'elech;
(b) they told a lie to both the kings, ie, that Sarah was Abraham's sister, which is not acceptable for a Prophet of God to have told a lie; （b）他们都讲述了一个谎言，即国王，即，撒拉，亚伯拉罕的妹妹，这是不是上帝的先知可以接受的撒了谎;
(c) if Sarah was really Abraham's sister as the passages suggest, then either Abraham had violated the Mosaic Law which forbids one to marry one's sister or that the Torah had abrogated Abraham's Shari'ah , hence implying that there is abrogation which Jews and Christians vigorously deny （三）如果萨拉真的亚伯拉罕的姐姐的通道建议，那么，任何亚伯拉罕违反了摩西的法律，禁止一娶自己的姐妹或诵读经文已废止亚伯拉罕的伊斯兰教教法 ，因此这意味着有废除，犹太人和基督徒大力否认 ^{6 6}

Thus, based on the objections above pointed out by Ibn Hazm, we thus say that this story of Sarah being Abraham's sister is not without inconsistency when conferred with the other passages in the Bible and thus this is an internal contradiction of the Bible with no clear answer.因此，哈兹目根据伊反对由上面所指出的，因此，我们说这萨拉的故事被亚伯拉罕的姐姐是不一致不无时赋予圣经中的其他段落 ，因此这是一个圣经内部矛盾的，没有明确的答案。

It should also be mentioned in passing that Ibn Hazm had discussed the issue with a contemporary Jewish scholar of his era named Samuel Ben Joseph, or Ibn al-Naghrilah.还应该提到，在过去，伊本哈兹目曾与当代名为塞缪尔本约瑟夫，或伊本Naghrilah他那个时代的犹太学者的问题。 The question of the sister/wife motif still remains a puzzing and disturbing question to modern Biblical scholars who consider it to be different strands of traditions which were woven together in confusion.该问题的姐妹/妻子的主题仍是一个令人不安的问题puzzing和现代谁认为这是其中的传统编织在一起的混乱不同股圣经学者。 Ibn al-Naghrilah had told Ibn Hazm that the word ukht (sister) as used in the passage means just a relative and not neccessarily a sister as understood by him.伊本Naghrilah告诉伊本哈兹目这个词ukht（姐姐）为通过使用的手段只是一个相对的，不一定是理解他的姐姐。 Ibn Hazm replied to this by citing Genesis 20:12 which reads as:伊本哈兹目回答这个创世纪20:12引用其内容为：

“Besides she is indeed my [Abraham's] sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother, and she became my wife.” “此外，她的确是我的[亚伯拉罕]妹妹，我女儿的父亲，但不是我的女儿的母亲，她成为我的妻子。”

Needless to mention, this answer left Ibn al-Naghrilah confused and silent.不用提，这个答案左伊本Naghrilah困惑和沉默。 ^{7 7} Perhaps the today's Christian missionaries should take a leaf from the example of Ibn al-Naghrilah and remain silent as well.也许今天的基督教传教士应该从伊本Naghrilah例如树叶，以及保持沉默。

And only God knows best!只有上帝最清楚！

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1. Edgar Krentz, The Historical Critical Method (Fortress Press, 1975), p.埃德加Krentz，历史的批评方法 （丰泽出版社，1975），第 41 [ 41 [ back回 ] ]
2. See Ghulam Haider Aasi, Muslim Understanding Of Other Religions: A Study of Ibn Hazm's Kitab al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal (Adam Publishers, 2004), pp. 92-114 for extracts of Ibn Hazm's major criticisms of the Pentateuch.见古拉姆海德尔Aasi， 了解其他宗教的穆斯林：基塔）的Al - FasL的科幻基地Milal华铝Ahwa'华铝尼哈尔 （亚当出版社，2004年，第92-114为伊本哈兹目提取的A的研究伊本哈兹目摩西五主要批评。 [ [ back回 ] ]
3. Genesis 12:10-18 [创世记12:10-18 [ back回 ] ]
4. Genesis 20:1-18 [创世记20:1-18 [ back回 ] ]
5. See Genesis 17:17 which indicated Sarah's age: “Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed, and said to himself, “Shall a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old?参创17:17这表明莎拉的年龄：“亚伯拉罕就俯伏在他的脸上，大笑起来，对自己说：”要一个孩子是出生在一个男人谁是百年老？ Shall Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a child?” [ 撒拉，谁是九十岁了，承担了孩子？“[ back回 ] ]
6. Kitab al-Fasl, pt.基塔铝FasL的角。 1, p. 1，第 135 [ 135 [ back回 ] ]
7. ibid. [ 同上。[ back回 ] ]