Ibn Hazm (994CE-1064CE) was a Muslim scholar of great repute in Cordoba during the Muslim Spain era and is widely regarded as the “Father of Comparative Religion”.伊本哈茲目（994CE - 1064CE）是一個偉大的穆斯林學者的名聲在西班牙科爾多瓦在穆斯林時代，被廣泛認為是“比較宗教學之父”。 In his celebrated magnum opus entitled Kitab al-Fasl fi al- Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal , he predated modern Biblical textual criticism by several centuries and as Krentz admits, Ibn Hazm's criticisms generally represents the first, albeit rudimentary, systematic historic criticism of the在他的著名代表作題為基塔鋁Fasl的科幻基地Milal華鋁Ahwa'華鋁尼哈爾 ，他早現代聖經考證幾個世紀，並為Krentz承認，伊本哈茲目的批評通常代表第一，雖然簡陋，系統歷史的批評 Bible聖經 ^{1 一} . 。 He had demonstrated his prowess in Biblical textual criticism by giving many examples of他已經證明他的實力，在聖經文本的批評讓許多例子 internal contradictions of the Bible內部矛盾的聖經 . 。 The following Bible contradiction is extracted from Muslim Understanding Of Other Religions: A Study of Ibn Hazm's Kitab al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal以下是摘自聖經的矛盾穆斯林了解其他宗教：研究伊本哈茲目的基塔鋁Fasl的科幻基地Milal華鋁Ahwa'華鋁尼哈爾 ^{2 2} and insha'allah this will be part of an ongoing series to reproduce extracts of Ibn Hazm's criticisms of the Bible and和insha'allah這將是一個持續的系列的一部分，重現伊本哈茲目提取物的批評，聖經和 Christianity基督教 and we will make further elaboration on our part to refine his arguments and further strengthen our case against the Bible.我們將進一步闡述我們的一部分，他的論點，並進一步完善我們的例子中加強對聖經。

Was Sarah really Abraham's sister? Ibn Hazm questions the status of Sarah as being Abraham's sister as well as his wife , as accepting that viz. , from the Biblical perspective, would result in various disagreements with other passages in the Old Testament concerning moral and theological issues that would contradict each other. 是莎拉真正亞伯拉罕的妹妹？伊本哈茲目問題的狀態撒拉，是亞伯拉罕的妹妹以及他的妻子 ，因為接受這一即。，從聖經的角度來看，會導致各種分歧與其他通道，在舊約中有關道德和神學問題會相互矛盾。 This is in reference to the stories of Sarah's seizure by Pharaoh and Abime'elech which was narrated in Genesis 12:10-18 and Genesis 20, Genesis 17:17 and Genesis 20:1-18.這是在參考的故事莎拉的扣押由法老和Abime'elech這是在創世記 12:10-18敘述，創世紀 20，創世紀 17:17和Genesis 20:1-18。

We cite the related passages on the story of the seizure of Sarah as follows.我們舉出的有關段落的故事，扣押的莎拉如下。

Now there was a famine in the land.現在有一個飢荒的土地。 So Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there, for the famine was severe in the land.於是亞伯蘭就下到埃及，在那裡寄居，因為飢荒嚴重的土地。 When he was about to enter Egypt, he said to Sar'ai his wife, “I know that you are a woman beautiful to behold; and when the Egyptians see you, they will say, 'This is his wife'; then they will kill me, but they will let you live.當他正要進入埃及時，他說 Sar'ai妻子說：“我知道你是一個女人美麗的外表，而當埃及人看見你，他們會說，'這是他的妻子，然後他們將殺了我，但他們會讓你住。 Say you are my sister, that it may go well with me because of you, and that my life may be spared on your account.” When Abram entered Egypt the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful.說你是我妹妹，那它就可能讓我心，因為你，我的生活，可能免於您的帳戶。“當亞伯蘭進入埃及，埃及人看見那女人很美麗。 And when the princes of Pharaoh saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh.而當王子法老看見了她，也讚美她法老。 And the woman was taken into Pharaoh's house.和女人被帶到法老的房子。 And for her sake he dealt well with Abram; and he had sheep, oxen, he-asses, menservants, maidservants, she-asses, and camels.為了她的緣故他處理好與亞伯蘭和他有羊，牛，他─驢，僕婢，丫鬟，她，驢和駱駝。 But the LORD afflicted Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sar'ai, Abram's wife. So Pharaoh called Abram, and said, “What is this you have done to me?但耶和華受災法老和他的房子大災，因為Sar'ai，亞伯蘭的妻子。 法老就召了亞伯蘭來，說：“這是什麼，你有我做的？ Why did you not tell me that she was your wife? 你為什麼不告訴我她是你的妻子？ ^{3 三}

From there Abraham journeyed toward the territory of the Negeb, and dwelt between Kadesh and Shur; and he sojourned in Gerar.亞伯拉罕從那裡起行對境內耐格伯，住在加低斯和書珥和他寄居在基拉耳。 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, “She is my sister.” And Abim'elech king of Gerar sent and took Sarah.亞伯拉罕說，撒拉和他的妻子說：“她是我妹妹。”和Abim'elech基拉耳王發送和撒拉取了去。 But God came to Abim'elech in a dream by night, and said to him, “Behold, you are a dead man, because of the woman whom you have taken; for she is a man's wife.” Now Abim'elech had not approached her; so he said, “Lord, wilt thou slay an innocent people? Did he not himself say to me, 'She is my sister'?但在神到Abim'elech夜間夢中，對他說：“看哪，你是一個死人，因為女人就是你所採取的，因為她是男人的妻子。”現在還沒有 Abim'elech走近她，所以他說：“主啊，祢殺死一個無辜的人？他不是他自己對我說，'她是我妹妹？ And she herself said, 'He is my brother.' In the integrity of my heart and the innocence of my hands I have done this.” Then God said to him in the dream, “Yes, I know that you have done this in the integrity of your heart, and it was I who kept you from sinning against me; therefore I did not let you touch her. 而她自己說，'他是我弟弟。'在我的心和完整的天真我的手我已經這樣做了。“然後神對他說，在夢裡，”是的，我知道你這樣做的的完整性，你的心，是我讓你從斯辛寧誰反對我，所以我沒有讓你碰她。 Now then restore the man's wife; for he is a prophet, and he will pray for you, and you shall live.現在，然後恢復該名男子的妻子，因為他是一個先知，他會為你祈禱，你要活。 But if you do not restore her, know that you shall surely die, you, and all that are yours.” So Abim'elech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told them all these things; and the men were very much afraid.但是，如果你不能恢復她，知道你必要死，你，是你的一切。“因此Abim'elech上升清晨，並呼籲所有的傭人，並告訴他們這些事的男人非常非常害怕。 Then Abim'elech called Abraham, and said to him, “What have you done to us?然後 Abim'elech了亞伯拉罕來，對他說：“你做了什麼給我們？ And how have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and my kingdom a great sin?而且我怎麼得罪你，你竟使我和我的國大罪？ You have done to me things that ought not to be done.” And Abim'elech said to Abraham, “What were you thinking of, that you did this thing?” Abraham said, “I did it because I thought, There is no fear of God at all in this place, and they will kill me because of my wife.您所做的事情，我不應該做。“和Abim'elech對亞伯拉罕說：”你是怎麼想的，那你做這個東西？“亞伯拉罕說：”我這麼做是因為我想，有沒有在所有的恐懼上帝在這個地方， 他們會殺了我，因為我的妻子。 Besides she is indeed my sister, the daughter of my father but not the daughter of my mother; and she became my wife. And when God caused me to wander from my father's house, I said to her, 'This is the kindness you must do me: at every place to which we come, say of me, He is my brother.'” Then Abim'elech took sheep and oxen, and male and female slaves, and gave them to Abraham, and restored Sarah his wife to him. 此外，她的確是我的姐姐，女兒的父親，但沒有女兒，我母親，她成為我的妻子。當上帝使我徘徊在我父親的家，我對她說，'這是人們的善心，你必須幫我：在每一個地方，我們來了，說我，他是我弟弟。'“然後 Abim'elech把羊和牛，男性和女性的奴隸，並給他們以亞伯拉罕，他的妻子撒拉恢復對他。 And Abim'elech said, “Behold, my land is before you; dwell where it pleases you.” To Sarah he said, “Behold, I have given your brother a thousand pieces of silver; it is your vindication in the eyes of all who are with you; and before every one you are righted.” Then Abraham prayed to God; and God healed Abim'elech, and also healed his wife and female slaves so that they bore children.而Abim'elech說：“看哪，我的地都在你們住哪裡，你的。”莎拉說：“看哪，我給你哥哥一千銀子，這是你的眼睛平反所有誰是與你同在每個人面前你糾正。“亞伯拉罕禱告神，神醫治 Abim'elech，還治好了他的妻子和女奴隸，使他們生了孩子。 For the LORD had closed all the wombs of the house of Abim'elech because of Sarah, Abraham's wife.因為耶和華子宮全封閉的房子Abim'elech因為撒拉，亞伯拉罕的妻子。 ^{4 4}

From the passages that we have cited briefly above, Ibn Hazm raises the following objections which we note as follows:從經文，我們引用簡要以上，伊本哈茲目提出了反對意見，我們注意到以下情況如下：

(a) it is inconceivable that a woman of more than 90 years （一）它是不可思議的，一個女人超過 90歲 ^{5 5} was fair and attractive enough to have lured Abime'elech;是公平和有足夠的吸引力吸引Abime'elech;
(b) they told a lie to both the kings, ie, that Sarah was Abraham's sister, which is not acceptable for a Prophet of God to have told a lie; （b）他們都講述了一個謊言，即國王，即，撒拉，亞伯拉罕的妹妹，這是不能接受的先知上帝告訴謊言;
(c) if Sarah was really Abraham's sister as the passages suggest, then either Abraham had violated the Mosaic Law which forbids one to marry one's sister or that the Torah had abrogated Abraham's Shari'ah , hence implying that there is abrogation which Jews and Christians vigorously deny （三）如果薩拉真的亞伯拉罕的姐姐的通道建議，那麼，任何亞伯拉罕違反了摩西的法律，禁止一娶自己的姐妹或誦讀經文已廢止亞伯拉罕的伊斯蘭教教法 ，因此這意味著有廢除，猶太人和基督徒大力否認 ^{6 6}

Thus, based on the objections above pointed out by Ibn Hazm, we thus say that this story of Sarah being Abraham's sister is not without inconsistency when conferred with the other passages in the Bible and thus this is an internal contradiction of the Bible with no clear answer.因此，基於反對上述所指出的伊本哈茲目，因此我們說， 這個故事的莎拉是亞伯拉罕的妹妹也不是沒有矛盾的時候賦予的其他段落中的聖經 ，因此這是一個內部矛盾的聖經，沒有明確的答案。

It should also be mentioned in passing that Ibn Hazm had discussed the issue with a contemporary Jewish scholar of his era named Samuel Ben Joseph, or Ibn al-Naghrilah.還應該提到，在過去，伊本哈茲目已經討論過這個問題與當代的猶太學者，他的時代名為塞繆爾本約瑟夫，或伊本Naghrilah。 The question of the sister/wife motif still remains a puzzing and disturbing question to modern Biblical scholars who consider it to be different strands of traditions which were woven together in confusion.這個問題的姐妹/妻子的主題仍是一個令人不安的問題 puzzing和現代聖經學者認為，這是誰不同股，其中傳統交織在一起的混亂。 Ibn al-Naghrilah had told Ibn Hazm that the word ukht (sister) as used in the passage means just a relative and not neccessarily a sister as understood by him.伊本Naghrilah告訴伊本哈茲目這個詞ukht（姐妹）中所用的通過意味著只是一個相對的，並不一定是由他所理解的姐姐。 Ibn Hazm replied to this by citing Genesis 20:12 which reads as:伊本哈茲目回答這個創世紀 20:12引用其內容為：

“Besides she is indeed my [Abraham's] sister, the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother, and she became my wife.” “此外，她的確是我的[亞伯拉罕]姐姐，女兒的父親，但不是我的女兒的母親，她成為我的妻子。”

Needless to mention, this answer left Ibn al-Naghrilah confused and silent.不用提，這個答案左伊本Naghrilah困惑和沉默。 ^{7 7} Perhaps the today's Christian missionaries should take a leaf from the example of Ibn al-Naghrilah and remain silent as well.也許今天的基督教傳教士葉應採取從例子伊本Naghrilah和保持沉默以及。

And only God knows best!只有上帝最清楚！

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1. Edgar Krentz, The Historical Critical Method (Fortress Press, 1975), p.埃德加Krentz，歷史的批評方法 （豐澤出版社，1975），第 41 [ 41 [ back回 ] ]
2. See Ghulam Haider Aasi, Muslim Understanding Of Other Religions: A Study of Ibn Hazm's Kitab al-Fasl fi al-Milal wa al-Ahwa' wa al-Nihal (Adam Publishers, 2004), pp. 92-114 for extracts of Ibn Hazm's major criticisms of the Pentateuch.見古拉姆海德爾Aasi， 穆斯林了解其他宗教：研究伊本哈茲目的基塔鋁Fasl的科幻基地Milal華鋁Ahwa'華鋁尼哈爾 （亞當出版社，2004），第92-114為提取伊本哈茲目的主要的批評，該 pentateuch。 [ [ back回 ] ]
3. Genesis 12:10-18 [創世記 12:10-18 [ back回 ] ]
4. Genesis 20:1-18 [創世記 20:1-18 [ back回 ] ]
5. See Genesis 17:17 which indicated Sarah's age: “Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed, and said to himself, “Shall a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old?參創17:17這表明莎拉的年齡：“亞伯拉罕就俯伏在他的臉上，大笑起來，對自己說：”要一個孩子是出生在一個男人誰是百年老？ Shall Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a child?” [ 撒拉，誰是九十歲了，承擔了孩子？“[ back回 ] ]
6. Kitab al-Fasl, pt.基塔鋁 FasL的角。 1, p. 1，第 135 [ 135 [ back回 ] ]
7. ibid. [ 同上。[ back回 ] ]